602 BUKEAU OF AMEKICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



qa'tcftntux he will come qa'tc^ntuxa^ natche will come to me 



xuU'LlEm come back I xwlLlsTna^ come back this way! 



lIu' unmix they come (trans.) mu'unana^ tci'wanE they come 



out from the water 

 xVntanx they travel 88.20 x%'ntana^ ti'mwa they travel this 



way together 

 ya'quyunanx thou art seen ya'guyunana^ thou art seen here 

 qa^ha'n from afar 56.8 qa^ha! hana^ lIu' he came from afar 



sqa'tEtn from there 34.3 sqa'tmanu tslhla'hla^n I shoot at 



him from there 



§ 133, The Stem j.lsi"'^ 



The original function of this stem is that of a noun denoting place, 

 COUNTRY, GROUND, WORLD, and it occurs in this function in a great 

 many instances. Its locative form is hlaya' or Llayvfs (see § 86). 



om'lcla L!a'°-^ a bad world 29.8 



yak/isk'inu' hlaya' H tiyvf^^ on a small place they were living 



38.19 

 mV tcristun Llayu'stc he made (them) fall to the ground 94.7, 8 



In most cases, however, it is used with a significance which, while 

 intimately connected with its original meaning, seems to lend to it a 

 peculiar function. Thus it is employed in the formation of verbs 

 expressing meteorological phenomena, and serves as the (impersonal) 

 subject of such verbs. 



Wn^lc/ya L.'a'''^ it rained 78.1 



Iclu^wina^' L!a'°'^ ice (appeared) all over 76.11 



qa^'xxxyax tE hla'^'^ it got dark 34.4 



na'qutyax L.'a'''^ it got cold 76.10, 11 



hu^'nyax L!a'°'^ it was dark (foggy) 34.8, 9 



Icurmfntc wI'lU ants L!a'°'^ there was no low tide 34.22 



qlunETna^' L!a'°'^ (when) winter begins 78.5 



From the Siuslaw point of view this application of hla''^^ is perfectly 

 justifiable, because to his mind verbs expressing natural phenomena 

 represent real actions performed by the universe as a personified sub- 

 ject. Consequently he renders our neutral phrases it rains, etc., by 

 THE WORLD RAINS, etc, using the noun L!a'°'^ as the general subject of 

 the action. 



As a further consequence of this general significance, x.V**" is used 

 to denote plurality of subjects and objects, especially in cases where 

 the verb is used in its singular form (see § § 78, 79, 139). 



§ 133 



