BOAS] HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES CHUKCHEE 677 



j, c, (5, are often pronounced with the tip of the tongue in dental 

 position, so that they attain a lisping character, — 



j between z' and z 

 c between s' and s 

 t between h' and h 



I am inclined to attribute this mannerism, which is affected by 

 many individuals, to the influence of the speech of the Russian 

 Creoles and half-bloods, who have this peculiarity in the whole area 

 between the Kolyma and the Sea of Okhotsk. In Krasheninni- 

 koff's records there are only slight indications of this tendency. 



It may be, however, that some of the older dialects had this 

 tendency. Thus Krasheninnikoff writes (in my transcription) — 



cemt (Western dialect) | ^^^^^ ^^^^^ 

 semt (southern dialect) J 



At present in the western dialect, the only one surviving, the 

 word is pronounced both cimt and simt. 



§21. Cotnjyarison with Chukchee and Koryak 



(1) Chukchee r, Koryak I j, ^, «, or ^, is replaced in most cases by ^*, 



Chukchee Kamchadal 



git, gir Jci'ja thou 



rmi'ri mu'ja we 



(2) Chukchee and Koryak g is replaced by Ic or x. 



Chukchee Koryak Kamchadal 



gum giirn Ici'mma I 



gi'nmgi yigi'ngin xi'ligin fish- net 



(3) Initial g of the comitative and verbal prefix (see §§ 48, 64, 66) 

 is replaced by Tc!. 



Chukchee Koryak Kamchadal 



gene'wdiid gana'wana Tclne'cum with a wife 



genu'lin ganu'lin Tclnu'lcinin he has eaten 



(4) Chukchee gw (Koryak gv) is replaced by xv. 

 xo'xval thence 



(5) Chukchee and Koryak id and v are replaced by hv. 



Chukchee Koryak Kamchadal 



watta'p vata'j) hvata'2)(^ reindeer-moss 



va'lE va'Ia hvalt knife 



wi'v.t vlut hivt whalebone 



vi'n'vi vi'nva hvi'nve secretly 



§21 



