734 BUREAU OF AMEEICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



to the indefinite (or interrogative) pronouns, which may be used as 

 nouns as well as verbs. 



The structure of the tirst class of predicative forms is quite com- 

 plex. We have to distinguish between intransitive and transitive 

 verbs. The following structural elements may be recognized. We 

 have — 



I. Intransitive verbs: 11. Transitive verbs : 



1. Pronominal prefix. 1. Pronominal subjective prefix. 



2. Temporal or modal prefix. 2. Temporal or modal prefix. 



3. Verbal theme. 3. Verbal theme. 



4. Temporal or modal suflix. 4. Temporal or modal suflix. 



5. Pronominal suffix. 5. Pronominal objective suffix. 



The following simple modes and tenses maj^ be distinguished: 



Indicative without prefix, no suffix 



Subjunctive: 



(a) Exhortative . . with the prefix n{i) the suffix gi 



(b) Subjunctive . . with the prefix ^ the suffix gi 

 Imperative .... with the prefix q the suffix gi 

 Future with the prefix re the suffix n{i) 



Besides these, there is a peculiar series of derived modes in -irki7i 

 (Koryak I -lykin, -ikin; Koryak II -itlcin, Kamchadal -jJc), the pro- 

 nominal endings of which differ from the ordinary forms, many of 

 them being dropped. In some cases the Koryak drops the terminal 

 -in, as is done in all forms in Kamchadal. 



The second class, predicative nominal terms, consists either of 

 nouns or of verbal stems, which are nominalized by certain prefixes, 

 and which take suffixes expressing the terminal relations. The simple 

 nominalized forms are used as predicative terms of the third person. 

 These have been discussed before. They are the nominalized forms 

 in -?'w, -fcm, -Zm, 7i{i)-qin (§§ 45-49). In the first and second persons 

 singular these take a suffix -i-, which may be derived from the verb 

 -it^ TO BE. In the first and second persons plural the nominalized 

 form appears in composition with the personal pronouns muri we, 

 and turi you; so that the whole complex represents in the same way 

 a nominal form with predicative function, as in the third persons. 

 The nominalized form has no true tenses. 



II consider this unlikely, since in Koryak the t should be preserved, although in Chukchee it 

 might disappear according to the phonetic laws governing the pronunciation of men. Mr. Bogoras 

 points out that the t can not be an auxiliary vowel, since this would have to be /. — F. Boas. 



§61 



