772 BUREAU OF AMERICAlSr ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



Nominalized forms: 



va^'yiik gayo^'olm 'vai'amn'aqu then they found a large river 



Kor. 21.3 

 gcda^wkaWUn wu'lka they painted her face with coal Kor. 31.9 

 gaqqaika' makata gana^'l-mu'yii we came to be with (to have) a 



small karaak Kor. 37.4 

 na'ertin neiianyopannivo' qenau outside they were hung up Kor. 



60.9 

 atau' na'no Euna^'an nitva'm^oqen that one was living thus 



Kor. 61.3 

 na'no nitinma'tgen that one is telling lies Kor. 62,3 



In the indefinite nominalized predicate the subject pronoun may 

 be repeated to emphasize the question. 

 geet-tu'ri tu'ri have you come ? 

 Impersonal verbs do not differ from the ordinary intransitive 

 verbs. 



ile'erlcin (Kor. Kam. muqa'ttkin'^ Kamchadal dxidjin or ixujd) it 



is raining 

 ile'tyi^ (Kor. Kam. muqa'thi^ ; Kamchadal cxun) it has been 



raining 

 IdHeuru'i^ winter came 14.9 

 cUhiro'e^ it becomes red 23.9 



§ 84. Tenses 



Tenses are not clearly distinguished. The declarative form of the 

 verb, unless modified by the future prefix, is used to express a past 

 action, although cases occur in which only a present can be meant. 

 tiqewganno'a^Jc I begin to be called 94.31 



In Koryak the declarative form is rarely used in narrative, while 

 it is in common use in direct discourse. 



mai, ya'ti halloo, have you come? Kor. 68.12 

 Valyi'mtda^n ti'nmin I killed Raven-Men Kor. 20.5 



In Chukchee its use in narrative is very common. 



e'nmen niki'rui- then night came 36.12 



lu'ur wethau'noe^ then he began to speak 31.11 



The derivative is generally used to express a present continued 

 action, but it occurs also frequently in narrative. This use is more 

 frequent in Koryak than in Chuckchee (see § 87). 



The nominalized verb (a) expresses a continuative regardless of 

 time. When coordinated with another verb it expresses contempo- 



