BOAS] HANDBOOK OF INDIAN LANGUAGES — CHUKCHEE 787 



lun-lu^'td ni'ntdqinet not seen they had them 11.9 



wetha'wa qdnii'gin speaking do to her (i. e. speak to her!) 29.12 



Wen' dq-eine'wa quli'td only badly crying (and) sounding 57.6 



The analogy between this form and the nominal subjective ap- 

 pears very closely in those cases where the adverbial idea expresses 

 instrumentality. 



tacai'wewa lauti'yfun nineninnuteu' gin by means of striking he 



made the big head swollen 48.10 

 etti-lcipde'wa by striking with a stick 48.10 



The verbal noun in ge — id is often used both in Chukchee and in 

 Koryak as an imperative. 



ganto'ta, gi'wd go out and say! 



gi'wd say! 21,11 



gaa'neta he shall go first! 84.13 



In other cases it has the meaning of a present. 



mfirgina' n gi'wd we are wont to say 84.16 



Koryak : 



gayi's'qata sleep! Kor. 31.8 



gala'xtata wu'tcau, ^aVn/J-z-yoz^a take these along, haul them away! 



■ kor. 51.6 



The corresponding forms of the transitive verb occur in the past, 

 future, exhortative, and in the derived present and exhortative (see § 

 68, p. 741). They are also used impersonally. 



avito' , mi'nkri re'ntin^ ralnmin well, how will it be done? will 

 there be killing? 



ga'mna killed 



rd'nut gelu'td whatever seen 



tu'mgitum 7'a^'nutqdid ga'lpinfa give something to (your) com- 

 panion 



COMITATIVE I AND II 



These forms express an action done while the subject of the sen- 

 tence performed another action. Comitative I is used when the 

 subject of both actions is the same; Comitative II, when the two 

 subjects are distinct. 



Examples of comitative I: 



terga'nma ninegepciygi'ugin weeping she kicked it 31.8 

 uive'ma takimla' gnenat when cooking she prepared marrow for 

 them 33.11 



§95 



