826 ^BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



Enqa'n ui'nd tit ene'nTcdlin that one was nothing, before not 



with guardian spirits 60.1 

 Kor. ui'na ama'yirikdle-i-gum I am not large 



Decidedly nominal is — 



elile'lcEldqagti little eyeless ones 45.1 



In Kamchadal the adjective suffix -lax (§112, 78) before the negative 

 changes to -I'ix. 

 Ici'mma qam ulull'xkin I am not small 

 Kamchadal oo'e — h,i with intransitive verbs, dce — Ttic with transi- 

 tive verbs, form the negative. These are nominal forms, 

 which are given predicative forms by means of auxil- 

 iary verbs (see p. 779). 

 x'enu'lci impossible to eat 

 x'etxlekic impossible to beat him 



x'e is presumably of the same origin as the particle x'enc. 



§§ 115-121. Word-composition 



§ 115. Introductory Retnarhs 



Stems may be compounded in such a manner that one stem which 

 qualifies another is placed before it. The two stems together form 

 a unit which takes morphological affixes as a whole — prefixes pre- 

 ceding the first stem, suffixes following the second stem. The first 

 stem, therefore, always terminates without morphological suffixes, 

 the second one begins without morphological prefixes. If in the com- 

 plex of stems a strong vowel or syllable occurs, the whole complex 

 takes the ablaut. 



main-a' ci-lcale'li-tu' mni (Kor. Kam. main-a' 6i-lcale'h-6iX'7nna) a 

 big fat speckled buck 



Each stem may retain the word-forming suffixes or prefixes enumer- 

 ated in §§97-114. 



Composition is used particularly for the following purposes. 



1. When the second stem is a noun, the first element is an attri- 

 bute of the second. 



2. When the second element is a verb, the first element is an 

 adverbial qualifier of the second. Here belongs particularly the case 

 that when the first stem is a noun, the second a verb, the former is the 

 object of the latter. 



§115 



