828 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



The stems qlaul and qlik (Koryak qlik) in first position express also 



MALE. 



qla'ul-Tceinin (Kor. Kam. qlik-Tcai' nin) male bear 

 For most animals the word cu'mha (Kor. Kam. cu'mna) is used to 

 express the male. 



tmnna-ri' rlci male walrus 

 Kor. Kam. cumna' -7)ie' inil male thong-seal 

 For females the stem new (Kor. Kam. naw) is used. 

 ne-e'hilc (Kor. Kam. naw-a'Jcilc) daughter 28.2 

 new-Tcei'fini (Kor. Kam. naw-Jcai' nin) she-bear 

 neuwi'rit female soul 37.11 

 The Koryak word mtala^n (Kamchadal mtilx') is a contraction of 

 oya'mtavila^n person {qla'wul in Koryak desi ates a male adult 

 person), and means literally the one who walks openly, and 

 is meant to designate man as walking visibly, while the spirits 

 walk about ^nvisibl3^* The Chukchee has the corresponding 

 word ora'weLan, which has the same derivation. Compositions 

 with -mtdla^n are applied to a number of mythical personages. 



E)i7ii'-mtala^n Fish-Man, Fish-Woman 

 Valvi' -mtala^ 71 Raven-Man 



The Chukchee use in these compositions the element qlaul. 

 E'7ini-qla'ul Fish-Man 

 E'7%n.i-new Fish-Woman 

 The Kamchadal forms in -7ntilx' are probably borrowed from the 

 Kor^^ak. 

 eIi' he-mtilx' (Koryak ilve' -mtala^n) Wild-Reindeer-Man 

 tepa' -mtalx' (Koryak Tcitepa' -mtdla^Ti) Wild-Sheep- Man 

 2. In nouns with suffixes, composition is used to express a number 



of relations. 

 {a) The material of which an object is made. 



ra^-Tcupre'ta t^7nnhi with what kind of a net did he kill it? {rdq 



what; Izupre net; ^gm to kill) 

 'ko'ne-TcTjLpre'ta t^miien he killed it with a net of horse-hair (kg'ne 

 horse [from Russian KOeT>]) 

 {h) The idea pertaining to. 



tala'n-ran/Tce'pu tuwa'loTnggfn I heard it from people of past times 

 {teUnyep long ago; remk- people; walgm to hear) 



•The Koryak have also the term oya'mya for person, which is supposed to be used by the hostile 

 spirits only, and designates man as the game pursued by the spirits. In Chukchee myths the term 

 ora'wer-va'rat beings walking openly (=mankind) is used 



§116 



