842 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 40 



§ 125-131. Adverbs. 



§ 125. MODAL ADVERBS. 



Modal adverbs are formed by means of the inclusive affix 

 n(i)-eu, (Kor. Kam. n(i)-au) (see p. 810.) These forms are parallel 

 to the adjective form n(i)-qin (see § 49). 



nime'leuwell (Kor. Kam. nima'lau) stem Ch.meZ (Kor. Kam maJ) 

 nime'leu qatva'e be kind (to us) ! a common form of prayer. 

 nimei'fieu ga'tvulen a^'ttin he made a great promise, a dog 101.21 

 nu'mkeu Tci'wkiw ni'nelqin the nights passed (there) became 

 many 108.8 (ki'wkiw is sing,; nu'mkeu adverb). 



These forms however are not used very frequently, especially in 

 Koryak. In most cases they are replaced by adverbial composition 

 (see § 119, p. 832). 



Kamchadal -q designates adverbs. 



omq deeply (adjective o'mldx deep) 

 me'taq far (adjective me'talax distant) 

 kH'jhiq shallowly (adjective Icli'jhilax shallow) 



Note. — 1 have found a few forms in Kamchadal which corre- 

 spond to Koryak forms: 



ri'mi'ta (Kor. Kam. n^mi'tau) warily (adjective n'rni'tqin) 

 nu'ra^ far. 



Other adverbs of modality are derived from verbal stems in an 

 irregular manner. 



a'tqeuma (Kor, Kam. atdifiau regular) badly R 62.72 (stem d^qd, 



Kor. Kam. a^qa; adjective form e'tqin, Kor. Kam. a'tdifl) 

 me'dEwTci (medKmel good; eti'Ici there) well 67.22 



me' tEn'ku-wa'l-e-um I am a fairly good one 114.34. Here Tnei 

 does not assume ablaut (see p. 763) 

 me'rinfe slowly (stenx-nf; adjective form ni'nfdqin slow) 

 A number of synthetical bases are used as adverbs, either without 

 any change or mostly with added -i,-qi,-aki,-eti which are locative and 

 and allative suffixes (see § 95). The same bases are used also with 

 va'lin (Kor. Kam. i'tdla^n), (see § 76). 



As adverbs they always have the ablaut, those without suffix as 

 as well as those with the suflBix -i,-Q}, although the locative generally 

 is used without ablaut. 



Adverbs without suffixes are — 



o'ra openly 121.30; stem ure (Kor. Kam. o'yafi) (see p. 862.) 

 oma'Tca (Kor. Kam, oma'lca Kor. 61.2) together; stem umeke 

 §125 



