280 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 194 



many scalp segments on his shirt or leggings as enemies scalped by- 

 warriors under his leadership. These scalp segments were bunched 

 and placed on different parts of the clothing. One scalp on each 

 legging and sleeve signified that the wearer had been out as leader 

 on four occasions when an enemy was scalped. The war leader did 

 not wear feathers or paint his leggings and shirt unless he participated 

 in the killing and striking of the enemies on his own or others* ex- 

 peditions. For being first to strike three enemies, one painted the 

 entire left legging red; one who struck three enemies, second in order 

 of coup counting, painted the left legging red above the knee; the 

 third to strike painted three stripes on the left legging and the fourth 

 to strike painted four stripes. 



The first to strike the enemy in a battle during which several 

 enemies were Idlled, painted three black stripes on one legging; the 

 next three to strike the same enemy painted three red stripes. It 

 was considered an even higher honor to strike coup on the last enemy 

 killed. The first to strike coup wore black double stripes the full 

 length of the legging and four pairs of equally spaced horizontal 

 stripes. The second, third, and fourth to strike coup wore only the 

 four pairs of black stripes. 



The four strildng a slain woman or one whose life was spared, as in 

 the case of women found out on the prairie away from camp, wore a 

 short carved stick decorated with porcupine quills and feathers. 

 The legging or shirt decorations were not employed; the leader was 

 entitled to carry a scalp. 



Striking a live enemy was considered a higher honor than strildng 

 one who had been kUled. One could paint two hands on one side of 

 the chest to show that a live enemy had been struck or one could 

 have two hands tattooed on his chest. If the horse had participated 

 in striking the live enemy by hitting him with the legs or body, one 

 could likewise paint two hands on the horse for each enemy so struck. 

 One who had been shot could wear a stick painted red with a knot 

 carved on it; if one's horse was shot and wounded, the carved stick 

 could be tied to the horse's mane or foretop. One who had been 

 stabbed by a knife or spear could wear as a hair ornament a stick 

 carved to resemble a knife. The one reporting the first tipi when on 

 a war expedition was entitled to wear a white swan feather in his 

 hair. One hit by a bullet was entitled to paint a red spot on the 

 shirt with lines running down from it to represent blood. One could 

 exhibit his successes on horse-stealing raids by painting horse tracks 

 on his robe, bunching the tracks to represent separate raids which he 

 had directed. 



These honors, together with other visual representations of sacred 

 bundle rights, gifts, and ceremonial participations, expressed one's 



