THOMAS.) PIPESTONE COUNTY, MINNESOTA. 43 



short, thick, perforated stock or haniUe of an ludian whip. With the 

 dirt of the mouud were mingled many fragments of stone. 



No. 3, composed of earth and angular fragments of stone, was prob- 

 ably a refuse heap from the diggings. 



Nos. 4 and 5, similar to No. 3. 



No. is a conical tumulus on the bank of the ci'eek about a hundred 

 yards above the fsills, and is G feet high. Projecting through the sod 

 was a stone slab 2 feet long, nearly as wide, and 9 inches thick, stand- 

 ing nearly perpendicular in the center; beneath it, lying ilat, was 

 another of similar form and size. Beneath the latter was a pile of 

 broken stones, mostly of smaller sizes, among which were pieces of 

 pipestoue, badly decayed fragments of human and coyote bones, but no 

 entire skeleton. In this were found charcoal and ashes, the only 

 instance of their presence in any of the mounds at this place. They 

 were underneath the pile of stones. A small stone drill was found 

 with them. 



No. 7, which is nearer the cliff than No. 6, is about 30 feet in diame- 

 ter and i feet high. It was but little else than a pile of angular stones. 



No. 8 is simply a bastion-like enlargement of the large circular 

 earthwork at one of its numerous angles (see No. 8, Fig. 4), about 4 

 feet high. Nothing was found in it, not even the angular stones so 

 common in the other mounds. 



No. !) is a circular mound inside the earthwork, 20 feet in diameter 

 and 4 feet high. In this was found a single skeleton lying at full 

 length upon the right side, head north, on the original surface of the 

 ground. It was covered with a. layer or pile of stones about 2 feet 

 thick, and was so much decayed that the bones and even the teeth 

 crumbled to dust when exposed to the air. No implements or orna- 

 ments were found with it except a flint lance head, some arrow points, 

 and two or three rude scrapers which were near the breast. 



No. 10 is merely an enlargement of the west horn of one of the circu- 

 lar works lying east of the large inclosure, of which more particular 

 mention is made hereafter. Its diameter was found to be 20 feet; 

 height, 3 feet. Nothing of interest was found in it. 



CIRCULAR AND CRESCENT EARTHWORKS. 



These interesting woiks are situated about 2 miles a little north of 

 east from the quarry; a plan of them is given in Fig. 4. It is not cer- 

 tain that Catlin saw these works, although they are situated near the 

 great war trail from Flandrean and the pipestoue quarry to the Minne- 

 sota (formerly St. Peters) river. Nicollet, however, noted them in 

 1S38, and makes special mention of two circular inclosures, or " camps," 

 as he calls them, estimating the circumference of one at 2,000 feet.' 



The shape of this inclosure, which ai)T)ears to be the only complete 

 one in the locality is shown at a. The circumference, according to 



' Senate Keport No. 237, 26tli Congress, 2d session, p. 14. 



