102 MOUND EXPLORATIONS. 



In the latter were several flat sandstone fragments, and beneath them, 

 on the original surface of the ground, a much decayed liuman skeleton, 

 with a few stone chips, Unio shells, and fragments of pottery. 



No. 2, IS feet in diameter and 3 feet high, was mainly a loose cairn 

 of sandstones, covering traces of human bones, charcoal, and ashes. 



No. 3, 15 feet in diameter and 3 feet high, a stone pile or cairn cov- 

 ered with earth and heaped over a mass of charred bones, charcoal, 

 ashes, and some fragments of pottery. 



This iuclosure is about half a mile from the pottery circle, and, like 

 it, well situated for defense, but not so well constructed and apparently 

 more ancient. 



THE OBLONG WORK. 



This is an oblong inclosure, situated south of the group just men- 

 tioned, and just across an impassable slough, and is the one marked E 

 in PI. V. It is on a sloping terrace at the foot of a bluff, which rises 

 abruptly behind it to the height of 200 feet. The end walls run from 

 this bluff to the margin of the slough, where there is also another 

 descent. Along this margin runs a connecting wall some 300 feet in 

 length. The wall at the west end is 160 feet long; that at the east eud 

 175. The height varies from 1 to 3 feet and the width from 10 to 15 

 feet. On the outside of each eud wall is a washout, possibly marking 

 the ditches from which the dirt to form the walls was taken. 



Extending southward from the pottery circle to the bluff bank that 

 margins the slough, a distance of about half a mile, aud expanding at 

 the southern end to an equal extent, is a dry, undulating plateau. On 

 the eastern half of this area are six parallel lines of mounds running 

 northeast and southwest (marked B in PI. V ), mostly circular in form, 

 varying in diameter from 15 to -10 feet and in height from 2 to G feet. 

 A few, as indicated in the figure, are oblong, varying in length from 50 

 to 100 feet. The number in the group exceeds 100. 



An examination revealed the fact that, in addition to the mounds, 

 much of the area between them was used as a burying place, and that 

 scattered here and there between the graves were charcoal and ashes, 

 stone chips, shells, etc. Both in the mounds and these graves there 

 was a compact layer of hard, light colored earth, having much the 

 appearance of lime mortar, probably clay and ashes mixed together, 

 which had undergone the action of tire. As the burials in these inter- 

 mediate spots were seldom over IS inches deep, the only soil above the 

 hard layer which covered them was the sterile sand from the sandy 

 butte marked C on the plate, while the mounds were uniformly covered 

 with a layer of richest soil, although below this and covering the skel- 

 etons was the layer of hard, light colored earth. 



A trench cut through the oblong mound of this group (No. 1) 

 revealed near the center an oblong ])ile of loose sandstoues, beneath 



