iHoMAs] GEORGIA. 313 



the original soil, a layer, about an incli thick, of mussel shells. In the 

 thick layer of dark clay, near the center, was a single limestone slab 

 standing on end ; immediately over this the clay was thoroughly burned. 

 It is perhaps worthy of notice that this clay had the apiiearance of hav- 

 ing been sun-dried before being burned; from which it is inferred that 

 a portion of the top was added sometime after the main body of the 

 mound was built, and that the stone was planted at this time. At the 

 bottom of this thick layer, in the center, was about a quart of charred 

 corn (maize) and corn-cobs. Nothing else was found. 



THE CONYERS MOUND. 



This is situated on the farm of Mr. Conyers, in the southeastern part 

 of the county, on Euharlee creek, is somewhat oval, the longer diameter, 

 98 feet, shorter 08; height, 7 feet. The stratification was as follows: 

 First, a top layer 6 inches thick, of soil; next, a layer, 4^ feet thick, of 

 red clay mixed with dark soil, with charcoal and ashes scattered 

 through it. In the top of this layer, at the center, was a curious basin- 

 shaped fire-bed, 12 inches deep at the center and 2 feet in diameter. 

 The next layer, G inches thick, consisted of pure white sand, and, last, 

 a layer, 1^ feet thick, of loam resting on the original surface of the 

 ground. No indications of burial or articles were observed. 



THE ROWLAND MOUNDS. 



These are located on the south bank of Etowah river, about 3 miles 

 southeast of Cartersville. The grouji consists oi three mounds and a 

 cemetery; the largest is somewhat irregular in form, the longer diame- 

 ter 150 feet, the shorter 140, the whole height 20 feet, but the height 

 of the artificial portion 15 feet, rounded on the top. One-half of this 

 was dug away; but finding neither specimens nor skeletons, no further 

 investigations were made, but the strata being more numerous than 

 usual are considered of sufficient interest to be mentioned here. First, 

 a top layer, C inches, of soil; then, 3 J feet of yellow clay mixed with 

 sand; then, one foot of sand and ashes; next, 2 feet of sand; then, 1 

 foot of ashes ; then, 3 feet of yellow clay ; next, 1 foot of sand and ashes ; 

 and lastly, resting on the natural earth, a uniform hn'el layer of red 

 clay, 3 feet thick. The whole rested on a natural elevation about 5 

 feet high. This elevation iirobably extended, when the mound was 

 built, over the entire bottom, but has been worn away by frequent 

 overflows. An occasional fragment of pottery was found here and there 

 in the diflerent strata, but no other relics were observed. The rather 

 heavy layers of sand and ashes indicate that the mound was built by 

 successive additions made at widely separated periods. 



The cemetery lies to the east of the mound near the bank of the river. 

 A somewhat careful exploration of this was made, but it was found 

 that a considerable portion of it had been washed away by the frequent 



