380 



MOUND EXPLORATIONS. 



and tlie other cousisting of three mounds, situated some distance below 

 it, as shown in Fig. 25(i, which indicates the respective positions of the 

 works. The upper one of these groups is the same as No. 7 on PI. xxv, 

 and corresponds with Toqua on Timberlake's map (PI. xxvi). The 

 lower group is Ko. S of PI. xxv and corresponds with Tommotley of 

 Timberlake's map (PI. xxvi). 



From a, a, polut ou the south hank of the river opposite the I'xtreuie upper point 

 of C'alhiway island, to b, a point on the soutli banlc directly north of mound No. 1, 

 isN.60^ W.", 1,470 feet. 



From 6 to mouudNo. 1, known as the " Big Toco mound," S., .310 feet. 



From mound No. 1 to Mound No. 2, known as the " Callaway mound," S. 40" E., 

 320 feet. 



From mound No. 1 to the three small mounds, Nos. 3, 4, and 5, which are now 

 nearly obliterated, S. 76°W., about 800 feet. 



From the Callaway mound to the foot of the ridge, S., 600 feet. 



From the point h to the mouth of Toco creek, about 600 yards. 



The north side of the river is bordered by high bluffs tliroughout the 

 area shown by the diagram. No. G is a small mound on the top of a 

 blufi" opposite the mouth of Toco creek. 



From the mouth of Toco creek to the mouth of Swamp creek, along the bank of 

 the river, 1,050 feet. 

 From c, at the mouth of Swamp creek, to mound No. 9, S. 48*^ W., 850 feet. 

 From mouud No. 9 to nuiund No. 8, N. 65^ W., 620 feet. 

 From mound No. 8 to mound No. 7, S. 30" W., 327 feet. 



PlG(. 3)7.— Vertical section of the Big Toco monnd, Monroe county. Tennessee. 



At mouud No. 9 the swamp is about 250 feet wide and so wet that 

 the mound is often surrounded by water. 



Mound No. 1, wliich is known locally as the " Big Toco mound," is 

 an oval, 154 by 138 feet, the longer axis being east and west. Height 

 at west end, 24 feet; at east end, 18 feet; top flat, but sloped toward 

 the east, the descent at this end being much more gradual than at the 

 other. The length of the flattened top was 94 feet; greatest breadth, 

 78 feet. The north, west, and soutli slopes are very steep. 



The elevation as seen from the south is shown in Fig. 257. 



This mound was l)uilt chiefly of the dark sandy soil around it, which 

 continued uniform to the depth of 9 feet. Here a layer of hard yellow 

 earth was encountered, which continued to the original surface of the 

 ground. Running through this upper layer of dark sandy soil were 

 numerous streaks or thin layers of yellow sand and also of burnt clay, 

 the latter accompanied by coals and ashes. These layers were found 

 from within 2 feet of the top down to the depth of 9 feet. It was 



