434 MOUND EXPLORATIONS. 



sbows the usual form of the cavity, some being more clearly defined, 

 others less so. Only one was found intact (marked m on the map, PI. 

 xxvii). It is on a sharp ridge some 200 feet above the river and com- 

 manding a fair view of all the works on the north side, together with 

 those at Sprnig Hill and some others on the south. It was nearly cov- 

 ered with earth and surrounded by bushes, which had protected it tiom 

 the view of relic hunters. It seems never to have exceeded 12 feet in 

 diameter and 5 feet in height, with a well-hole 2^ feet across and less 

 regular than in many others noticed. Upon the removal of a flat cap- 

 stone a small cavity was found; removing two additional layers, the 

 lower of which was a mass of charcoal and ashes, the cavity was found 

 to increase to a little more than 2 feet. At this point a stone 3 teet 

 long, 30 inches wide, and 6 inches thick was reached, which was 

 removed by tearing away part of the wall. Under it, in a hole 3 feet 

 deep, was a decayed skeleton of medium size, which had been buried in 

 a sitting or squatting position. With it were a steatite pipe, a slate 

 gorget, a portion of the stem of another very large steatite pipe, the 

 remainder of which had never been deposited here, and three lance- 

 heads. From a rock heap near by some boys obtained a well preserved 

 skull and some relics. It was probably an intrusive burial, as the cap- 

 stone was not in its proper place. 



Near the last described mound, and marked n on PI. xxvii, is a charred 

 bone pile on one of the finest points of observation along the entire 

 line of blufls; it measures 61 feet long, 37 feet at the widest part, and 

 in some places over 2 feet high, resembling a low, oblong, oval-topped 

 mound. Upon and around it were a great many waterworn stones of 

 small size. Their number increased with the depth, along with char- 

 coal, ashes, and charred bones. The bones and perhaps the flesh of 

 hundreds of persons had been burned here; the fragments were all 

 small and thin, indicating children or small females. It is beyond 

 doubt that they were human bones. 



The few rock shelves in the cliffs found in this region are especially 

 rich in relics. 



PUTNAM COtrNTY. 



INCLOSURE AND MOUNDS NEAR WINFIELD. 



Upon the second terrace on the south side of the river, just below 

 Winfield, is a circular inclosure containing about an aci'e, the embank- 

 ment being still 2 or 3 feet high above the bottom of the interior ditch. 

 Within and about it have been found many stone implements of vari- 

 ous kinds. On this and the next higher terrace are a number of 

 mounds fiom 4 to 10 feet high. Two near the blufl' were opened. 



The first was of peculiar shape, being 60 feet long, about half as wide, 

 and 7 feet high. A wide trench was run the length of the mound, 

 showing it to be composed mainly of hard, light colored earth, much of 



