iHOMAs] THE APPALACHIAN DISTRICT. • 573 



Brownsville, it reaches its greatest breadtli, 2i miles.'" Pits are found 

 in great numbers over this area. At one point 10 or .12 acres have 

 been dug over, at another 6, at another 2, and so on. In some i)laces 

 the pits extend in continuous lines for half a mile or mon;. Ancient 

 "\7ork-slioi)s" are abundant here. Of these Mr. Smith distinguishes 

 two classes or varieties, the "blocking-out shop.s " ahd the "finishing 

 shops." "At the first kind, which are always near the pits, it seems the 

 flint blocks were brought to a size and sh'ape convenient for dressing 

 into such imi)lements as were desired. In them are always found the 

 largest hammers", though snuiller ones are sometimes picked up as well. 

 * * * These finishing shops are characterized by the smaller frag- 

 ments, thin tiakes, and broken or unfinished implements, very seldom 

 found in the blocking-out shops. The hammers found in them are 

 gener.ally of small size." ^ 



The peculiar features of the district are to be found in the form, size, 

 and regularity of the lowland inclosures, the size and character' of the 

 bill forts, the so-called "altars" in the typical mounds, some certain 

 forms of vaults, the presence in large numbers of I'nonitor pipes, and 

 certain ornamental lines and figures of pottery. Yet these features 

 apply more particularly to the central and southeru portions of Ohio 

 than to the whole district. Nevertheless they are so intimately related 

 to what Seem to be but niodifications-of these types in easterfl Indiana 

 and West Virgliua that there can be but little doubt that they ai'e 

 attributable to the same people. There are, however, clear indications 

 of the presence of three or four different tribes of mound builders or. 

 diii'erent waves of population in this district. • 



THE APPALACHIAK DISTRICT. 



This district includes east Tennessee, or that part of the state east of 

 the Cumberland moiintains; the western part of Ndi'th Carolina; the 

 extreme southwestern part of Virginia and a strip along the noithern 

 jiart of Georgia. The portion of (ileorgia mentioned is also included in 

 the. " Tennessee district," and perhaps should also lie included in tJie 

 Gulf district, as there appears to be an intermingling here- of the tyites 

 of the three districts. 



The ancient works of this district present some marked jteculiarities 

 in the construction of the mounds, the modes of. burial, and the fijrm^ 

 of the pipes.' As these peculiarities have been brought to light through 

 the explorations carried on by the ^gureau of Ethnology, the descrip- 

 tions of the mounds will be found in the precedilig part of this volume' 

 and hence need only be referred to here. They are also i>artly described 

 and contents noted in the paper l)y the present writer entitled " IJurial 

 Jlounds of the Northern Section," in the Fifth Annual Report of the 

 Bureau of Ethnology, and in a work entitled "The Cherbke<'s in ]>re- 

 Columbian Times." 



I C. M. Smith. Siuithson. Rep., 1884, p. 853. • ^ Ibid., pp. 864-86.'). 



