582 MOUND EXPLORATIONS. 



recent tbau others and the latter were mncli disturbed by them. 

 Where not disturbed tliese earlier burials presented the wheel-like ar- 

 rangements before noticed. Two stone pijies and a few burial urns 

 with seveu ears were found in the disturbed portion of this mound. 



In the Lindsay mound, near Ralei,!>h in the same county, the bodies 

 were arranged in a circle <ni their backs with heads to the center, faces 

 turned to the left side, and feet toward the margin of the mouud. 

 The circle was extended toward the circumference by an additional 

 row of bodies. On the west side the bodies were live layers deep. 

 The regularity in placing the bodies was somewhat broken toward the 

 margin on the east side. In the earlier burials, or those at the bottom 

 of the mound, the bodies wei-e laid on the surface of the ground, which 

 had been scraped clear of vegetable matter. No relics were deposited 

 with these. With the later burials were found burial urns or pots. 

 In this mound were two or three deep pits or excavations filled with 

 mixed or discolored earth, at the bottom of which were human remains. 

 One of these, in which only a few animal bones were found, was shaped 

 like au inverted cone. Some of these pits reached into the original 

 surface. Thus there were three different modes of burial in this mound : 

 Those where the bodies were laid on the surface without the accom- 

 paniment of vases or other works of art, and covered with yellow 

 sandy loam; those of a later date, with which burial ur-is had been de- 

 posited, three or four tiers of which were covered with clay; and those 

 of the deep pits or excavations. Another mound in the vicinity of 

 Raleigh, explored many years ago, displayed an unusually systeuuitic 

 arrangement in its internal construction. In all cases, without excep- 

 tiou, the bodies were laid on the left side with heads tiu-ned to a com- 

 mon center. At the head of each was an earthen vessel, and these 

 were graded in size according to the age or size of the individual. The 

 bodies were laid on the original surface of the ground, and on the fore 

 heads of some was placed a single valve of a Unio shell. The heads of 

 some of them were artificially compressed. This mouud contained uo 

 stone cists, though there were many in the neighborhood, of the short, 

 square variety, lined with black bituminous shale and containing 

 folded or bundled skeletons. 



In some of the tumuli classed as ''stone-grave mounds" the graves 

 are not of the regular box-shaped type, being sometimes, as in the one 

 in Union county, Kentucky, " tent" or " roof shaped," that is, the stones 

 are set up on their edges ou each side of the body and slanted so as to 

 meet above it, thus forming a triangular covering. 



Another variety was found in a mouud in Allen county, Kentucky, 

 which consisted of a vault 10 feet deep and 8 feet in diameter, i-ound, 

 and walled up with stones like a well. The bottom was made of stones 

 laid edgewise and keyed in with smaller stones. At every 2 feet in 

 this well was a layer of large flat loeks, and between these layers were 

 human remains. Stone graves of the roof-shaped variety were found 



