590 MOUND EXPLORATIONS. 



generally iiidistiuguisbable from it. But as we pass southward into 

 Arkansas and approach the mouth of the Arkansas river we observe a 

 change in the quality and color of the ware, it being of a tiner grade and 

 lighter color; it is also more highly ornamented, with colored or incised 

 lines and figures. New and peculiar types are also found here; in fact, 

 the finest collections of ancient potteiy of the mound region have been 

 made in Arkansas. It is here alone that full-faced globular jars, or 

 oUas, have been obtained, which may be supposed to be genuine attempts 

 to portray features. As these and other characteristic specimens are 

 shown by Mr. Holmes in his various papers, further mention here is 

 unnecessary. 



One thing which appears somewhat remarkable is the very small 

 number of pipes which have been found in this district. It is true that 

 some three or four of the finest specimens of stone pipes yet discovered 

 have been obtained here, but these are large and evidently those used 

 only on ceremonial occasions. On the other hand, those for individual 

 use are comparatively rare, usually of clay and rudely made. 



THE HULF DISTRICT. 



This district, as at present defined, includes the Gulf states east of 

 the Mississippi (except a narrow strip along the northern boundary of 

 Alabama and Georgia) and South Carolina. It is probable, however, 

 that more thorough explorations will lead to the separation both of 

 South Carolina and peninsular Florida each as a separate archeological 

 division. 



As the archeology of this southern area has been admirably and 

 somewhat fully written by Mr. C. C. Jones in his work on the Antiqui- 

 ties of the Southern Indians, it will be unnecessary for us to present 

 at this point more than a very brief outline of some of the leading 

 types. 



The works of this district are distinguished from those of the north- 

 ern section chiefly by the large proportion of truncated pyramidal 

 mounds, the occurrence of extensive ditches and canals, and the large 

 uumber of shell heaps, the last being confined to the coasts of Florida 

 and Alabama. 



I'YRAMIDAL MOUNDS. 



All varieties of this type are represented, though the simple four- 

 sided structure is the most common, those of other forms being of rare 

 occui'rence. One or two i>entagonal and hexagonal pyramids have 

 been noticed, but these are of such rare occurrence that they can not 

 be considered as types. A few truncated cones, which are included 

 under this head, have also been observed. Pyramidal mounds with 

 terraces occur here and there, but are far less frequent than in Arkan- 

 sas. They also difi'er from the latter in having frequently one or more 



