694 MOUND EXPLORATIONS. 



The map <)f North America, by John Seuex, 1710, indicates villages 

 of the Chaouaiions on the headwaters of the Savannah. On the De 

 L'Isle map of 1700 the Outonagannha (Shawnees) are ])laced on the 

 headwaters of the great rivers of Soutli r'arolina. It is evident, there- 

 fore, that it was the understanding and belief at an early day that 

 Shawnees had at some time dwelt in the region of the ii^jper Savannah ; 

 also that this name and its synonyms were used to designate a par- 

 ticular i>eoi)le. In conlirmation of the theory advanced, stone graves 

 of the particular type we are now considering have been found in the 

 upper part of Nacoochee valley, which is in the Tugelo region.' Others, 

 as shown in Part i, have l)eeu found by the Bureau assistants on 

 Etowah river, farther west in northern Georgia. 



The tradition given by Robertson helps to explain a jjuzzling fact 

 discovered by the Bureau explorers, to wit, that quite a number of 

 these graves have been found along the Little Tennessee river, in the 

 vicinity of the site of some of the Cherokee " Overhill towns." As 

 the evidence derived from history and the mounds, as will be hereafter 

 shown, indicated the occupancy of this region from time immemorial 

 by the Cherokees, who are known to have been long the deadly ene- 

 mies of the Shawnees, the presence of these graves seemed to conflict 

 with the theory herein advanced. But the tradition given by Robert- 

 son indicates a previous friendly relation between the two tribes which 

 will serve, in a measure at least, to explain this riddle. 



Thert^ is also another item of e\idence on this point. By referring 

 to Schoolcraft's History of the Indian Tribes, the reader will find the 

 following statement: 



A (liscdiiteuteil portion of the Shawnee ti'ilie from Virginia IjtoIcc oil' from the 

 nation, which ri'moved to the Scioto country, in Ohio, about the year 1730, .and 

 formed a tovru known by the name of Lulliegrud, in what is now Clark county 

 [Kentucky], about 30 miles east of this place [Lexington]. This tribe b'ft this 

 country about 1750, and weut to east Tennessee, to the Cherokee Nation. - 



The following remark in Haywood's "Civil and Political History of 

 Tennessee''-' is worthy of note here: 



A nation of Indians called the Cheavanoes is laid down [on an old maii] as 

 settled below the Cherokees in the county adia<-ent to where Fort Deposit now stands, 

 on the Tennessee and southwardly of it, which is .siipjiosed to be th<^ peojile now 

 called the Shawnees, who may have settled there under the aus])ices of their old 

 friends and .allies the Cherokees, after the expulsion of the Shawnees from the 

 Savannah river. This conjecture is fortified by the circnnistance that the Frencii in 

 ancient times called what is now the Cumberland by the name Shauvanon, on which 

 the Shawnees were for many years settled. 



The Cherokees had another tradition, that when they drst crossed 

 the Alleghauies to the west, that is, from North Carolina into eastern 

 Tennessee, they found the Shawnees at war with the Creeks.^ Tiiis 

 would indicate that the Cherokees had penetrated into North Carolina 

 before they had into the valley of the upper Tennessee or Hogohega. 



' Jones's Southern Indians, p. 214. * P. 27. 



'Hist, of till' Indians, Vol. i. p. :'.01. ' Ramsey's -\iiii:l1« ..f Tenn.. p. 84. 



