THOMAS.] INDIANS AND EUROPEANS. 721 



the i-onclusiou that tbey must liave beeu maHciously and intentioually 

 broken. 



Some of the pottery, which, imfortTinatelj', has been discovered only 

 in fragments, bears a strong resemblance to that found in Early county, 

 indicating occupancy for a time by the Creeks or Uchecs. On the other 

 hand, the mode of sepulture and articles found in the small mound con- 

 nect the builders, as heretofore stated, with that people who made the 

 stone graves and built the mounds of the Cumberland valley, who, as 

 we have shown, we are warranted in assuming were Shawnees; and, 

 finally, we are justified by articles taken from graves discovered here 

 and from history in asserting that it was for a time occupied by the 

 Cherokees, though none of the works except some neighboring graves 

 can be ascribed to them; but I think it quite probable the fi'agmentary 

 condition of the stone images is due to their savage hatred of all per- 

 taining to a hereditary foe. In an article published in the Magazine of 

 American History,' I was inclined to attribute these works entirely to 

 the "Creeks," using this term in the broad sense, believing they were 

 occupied at the time of De Soto's visit by people under the sway of the 

 cacique of Cutifachiqui ; but the explorations made since that article 

 was written have introduced a new factor into the problem and mater- 

 ially modified the opinion there exiiressed. From the language of the 

 Gentleman of Elvas, as follows: "In that journey (from Xualla to 

 Gnaznle) the lady of ( Hitifachiqui (whom the governor carried with him, 

 as is aforesaid, with purpose to carry her to Guazule because her terri- 

 tory reached thither), going 07i with the bond women which led her," 

 etc., I was led to believe that Guazule was then included in the domin- 

 ion of the cacique; but referring since to what is said by Garcilasso 

 on this point, I find he states very particularly, even repeating it, that 

 this town was beyond the limits of the territory of the cacique, and 

 governed by a cacique belonging to another tribe, though, to assist the 

 Spaniards, she sent ambassadors thither to solicit the aid of the inhab- 

 itants in their behalf. 



Mr. Gatschet- refers to a tradition that tlie Shawnees once resided 

 in upiier Georgia around Tugelo (in the region of Habersham county) 

 and on the headwaters of the large Georgia rivers, but thinks it re- 

 quires further examination. We have, as already shown, satisfactory 

 evidences that this tribe not only held possession for a time of the 

 locality on Etowah river, but were probably also the builders of one, at 

 least, of the mounds there; we also have the testimony of C. C. Jones ' 

 that stone graves have beeii found in Habersham county, which fact 

 indicates their presence in that region. In addition to this we have the 

 statement of Milfort" that lands were obtained here from the "Savan- 

 ogiies, savages." 



I May number, 1884. *Antiq Southern Indians, p. 214. 



' Op. cit.. Vol. I, p. 23. < Ifenioiie, p. 9. 



12 ETH 40 



