XXII ANNUAL REPORT OP THE DIRECTOR 



which otherwise would be unknown. In the preparation of 

 this volume Mr. Pilling has, in addition to extensive corre- 

 spondence, been compelled to visit distant parts of the country 

 for personal examination of libraries and collections. 



Other linguistic volumes were in course of preparation dur- 

 ing the year, no part of which was printed therein. Among 

 these it is proper to mention the work of Mrs. Erminnie A. 

 Smith, of Jersey City, on several of the Iroquoian dialects, and 

 of Prof Otis T. Mason on the Chata language. 



ETHNOLOGIC WORK. 



The First Annual Repoi't of the Bureau, for the fiscal year 

 1879-80, was printed during the year 1881, forming a volume, 

 in large octavo, of 638 pages. In addition to the papers in 

 that Report, which it is not deemed necessary now to recapit- 

 ulate, work upon other papers was continued or commenced 

 during the year as follows: 



SIGN LANGUAGE AND PICTOGRAPHS, BY BREVET lilEUT. 

 COL,. GARRICK MALLERY, U. S. A. 



The researches continued by Col. Garrick Mallery, upon 

 gesture speech and pictographs, are connected on the one hand 

 with philology and on the other with many points of anthropo- 

 logic intei-est. These studies elucidate the attempts of the 

 human mind in the expression of ideas independent of, whether 

 or not prior to, the use of oral language. They show that di- 

 rect visible expression of ideas, as distinct from their audible 

 expression, has not been confined to the North American In- 

 dians, though its systematic and general use by them is the 

 most instructive exhibition of it now remaining among speak- 

 ing men, and that a thorough comprehension of it as practiced 

 by them is indispensable to any full discussion of the subject. 

 Sufficient examples of it have been collected from many other 

 bodies of men, ancient and modern, to suggest important rela- 

 tions, not only between all the modes of expression, but be- 



