322 COLLECTIONS OF 1879. 



nor has the advancing wave of Caucasian settlement approached suffi- 

 ciently near to exert any marked influeuci on their manners and cus- 

 toms; at least the form and decoration of their pottery bear no marked 

 e\idence of the influence of the more highly civilized rabes. 



The collection made here by the expedition was more extensive than 

 that from any other place, and numbers about fifteen hundred objects, 

 of which by far the larger part is composed of earthenware articles. 

 These include large and small water vases, canteens of various sizes 

 and shapes, cooking cups, and pottery baskets used in their dances, 

 paint-pots, ladles, water jugs, eating bowls, spoons, pepper and salt 

 boxes, pitchers, bread-bowls, Navajo water jugs, treasure boxes, water 

 vases, cups, cooldng pots, skillets, ancient pottery, animals, and gro- 

 tesque images. It belongs mostly to the variety of cream- white pottery, 

 decorated in black and brown colors; a portion is red ware, with color 

 decorations in black. There are also several pieces without ornamenta- 

 tion, and one or two pieces of black ware, but the latter were most prob- 

 ably obtained from other tribes, and possibly the same is true in refer- 

 ence to a few pieces of other kinds which present unusual figures or 

 forms. 



A slight glance at the figures depicted on the tinajas, or water vases, 

 will suffice to show any one who has examined the older pottery of this 

 region, specimens and fragments of which are found among the ruins, 

 that a marked change has taken place in their ideas of beauty. Although 

 the rigid, angular, zigzag, and geometric figures are yet found in their 

 decorations, they have largely given way to curved lines, rounded fig- 

 ures, and attempts to represent natural objects. 



A few apparently conventional figures are still generally retained, as 

 around the outside of the necks of the vases and on the outer surftice 

 of the bowls, probably suggested originally by the rigid outlines of 

 their arid country, and in fact by their buildings. The figure of the elk 

 or deer is a very marked feature in the ornamentation of their white 

 ware, and is often found under an arch. Another very common figure 

 is that of a grotesquely-shaped bird, found also on the necks of water 

 vases and the outer surface of bowls. 



ARTICIiES OF CLAY. 



Tinajas, or water vases, are called in the Zuui tongue tkahwi-nd-M-tehl- 

 le. They are usually from 8 to 12 inches in height, and from 12 to 15 

 in diameter. A smaller size of the same form of vessels, which are from 

 5 to 7 inches in height and from 8 to 10 in diameter, are called det-tsan- 

 nd. They are of three colors, cream white, polished red, and black : 



