BTcvExsds.l WATER-JUG BASKETRY. 335 



flat kinds are designed to hold fine grain and meal', and are also fre- 

 quently used for winnowing. This is done by placing a small quantity 

 of grain in the basket, and by a skillful motion throwing the grain up 

 into the wind and again catching it as it comes down. This motion is 

 kept up until the wind has separated the chaff from the grain. Many 

 of the flat baskets are decorated in colors, as ^vill be seen by the accom- 

 panying illustrations. 



It is quite probable that most of the finer ware of this class is manu- 

 factured by the Apache Indians, who are celebrated for this work, and 

 finds its way among the Pueblos through the medium of barter. 



The basketry of the Zuiiians is usually made of small round willows 

 and the stem of the yucca, the leaves of which attain a long slender 

 growth in that region. It is quite certain that the basketry used for 

 holding water is not manufactured by the Zuiiians, and probably not by 

 the Shiuumos, though many are found with them. 



As previously stated, the basketry manufactured by the Shinumo In- 

 dians is of a more finished class and of a greater variety than that made 

 and used by any of the other Pueblos, as will be seen by reference to the 

 accompanying illustrations. Among the examples of this ware, obtained 

 at Wolpi, is a large number of the flat or saucer-shaped kind ; these 

 vary both in size and character of construction as well as decoration. 

 The manner of making one form of this class is quite interesting as well 

 as curious. A rope-like withe of the fiber of the yucca, made quite fine, 

 is wrapped with flat strips of the same plant. In forming the basket 

 with this rope the workman commences at the center, or bottom, and 

 coils the rope round, attaching it by a method of weaving, until, by suc- 

 cessive layers of the rope, it attains the desired dimensions. These are 

 quite highly and prettily ornamented in black, white, and yellow, and 

 are compact and strong. Another variety of baskets of similar shape 

 and size, and also fancifully ornamented, was obtained from the same 

 Indians. These are made from small round willows. They exhibit less 

 skill in construction, but are handsomely ornamented. Another kind 

 was also obtained from the Shinumos, which, however, are attributed 

 to the Apaches and probably found their way into the Moki villages 

 through trade. These are large bowl-shaped baskets, almost water- 

 tight, but generally used as flour and meal baskets. They are also orna- 

 mented black and yellow, produced by weaving the material of different 

 colors together while making the basket. 



There are many other forms and varieties, which will be referred to at 

 the proper time, as they occur in the catalogue. 



The Pueblos employ a variety of plants and herbs for medicinal and 

 dyeing purposes, some of which were collected. Their botanical names 

 were not determined, but they are indigenous to the regions inhabited 

 by the Indians using them. 



Ornaments and musical instruments employed in dances and religious 

 ceremonies do not difier much among the Pueblo Indians ;* the princi- 



