OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. XLVII 



another sister-group within themselves, and the brother-group 

 to which they are correlated are the avunculates of the first 

 ascendent group. Thus a second ascendant brother and sister 

 group is constituted. In the same manner third, fourth, and 

 i/"' ascendant brother and sister groups may be constituted. 



Returning now to the Ego group. The sisters of the Ego 

 group have sons and daughters who are brothers and sisters to 

 one another, and they constitute a first descendant brother and 

 sister group. The sisters of the first descendant group have 

 children who are brother and sister to one another and con- 

 stitute a second descendant group. In the same manner the 

 third, fourth, and n' h descendant group may be constituted. 

 The Ego group, together with the ascendant groups and de- 

 scendant groups, constitute a lineal series of brother and sister 

 groups, reckoning always through females. Such a body is 

 here called a group of enates, and kinship thus reckoned is 

 called enatic kinship. On the other hand, if the brother and 

 sister groups come through paternal uncles, and the lineal se- 

 ries is reckoned exclusively through males, it is called a body 

 of agnates, and the kinship is called agnatic kinship. 



Whenever enatic or agnatic kinship is recognized, the tribe 

 becomes much more highly composite than in the case of the 

 communal family. There are always several co-ordinate 

 groups of people united into a larger group, the tribe. For the 

 present let us use the term "tribe" for the name to distinguish 

 the group of the highest order, and the term "clan" to distin- 

 guish each of the co-ordinate groups of the second order into 

 which the tribe is divided. 



The first characteristic of the clan is thus reached: A clan is 

 one of the co-ordinate groups into which a tribal state is divi- 

 ded. 



The tribe itself is a body of intermarrying cognates; so that, 

 in the tribe, kinship by consanguinity and affinity is recognized. 

 Within the clan, kinship by affinity is not recognized; that is, 

 the husband and wife do not belong to the same clan, and kin- 

 ship by consanguinity is limited to kinship traced through 

 females, or to kinship traced through males, as the case may be; 

 and in both, but a part of the cognates are included. In one 



