LIV ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 



not cognate to the first; that is, the clan of one group is sup- 

 posed to be equivalent to the clan of another group, and tem- 

 porary marriage rights extend across the lines which demar- 

 cate non-cognate groups. 



Some of the Australian clans present another interesting 

 variation. It must be understood that a clan is composed of a 

 lineal series of brother-groups, one for each generation, together 

 with a lineal series of sister-groups, one for each generation. 

 In the case under consideration the series of brother-groups is 

 distinguished from the series of sister-groups by a different 

 name. Thus the clan is divided, the males from the females, 

 and the enatic kindred are separated into two groups, the 

 daughters falling into the group of their mothers, and the sons 

 falling into the group of their mothers' brothers. 



Still other tribes in Australia have a clan system in which 

 the brother-group of one generation is distinguished from the 

 brother-group of the next generation by a different name, but 

 the brother-group of the third generation takes the name of the 

 brother-group of the first generation. The same change of 

 names occurs in the series of sister-groups. The grandmother 

 belongs to a group having the same name as the granddaughter. 



The typical tribe which has been described, is a body of 

 kindred divided into brother and sister groups, every group 

 having some kinship with every other group. Marriage is 

 without the clan but within the tribe, therefore a man cannot 

 marry into his own sister-group, but must marry into some 

 cousin-group. To the consanguineal tie an affinital tie is added. 

 A male cousin becomes the husband, and a female cousin be- 

 comes the wife. In many cases the brother-group of the hus- 

 band becomes a husband-group, and the sister-group of the 

 wife becomes a wife -group. The brother-group of the husband 

 is related to all the other groups of the tribe, and the sister- 

 group of the wife is also related to all the other groups of the 

 tribe. It is interesting to study the effect which marriage (real 

 or potential) has in changing the consanguineal kinships into 

 affinital kinships. Among the tribes of North America there 

 is much diversity in this respect, but the subject is too much 

 burdened with details to be considered here. 



