Dorset] MIGRATIONS OF THE OMAHAS. 213 



above this stream, and occupied the country between the Missouri and 

 the Black Hills, though they did not go to the Black Hills. 2 After 

 awhile, they turned down stream, and kept together till they reached 

 the mouth of the Niobrara, where the Ponkas stopped. The Omahas 

 and Iowas continued their journey till they reached Bow Creek, Ne- 

 braska, where the Omahas made their village, the Iowas going beyond 

 till they reached Ionia Creek, where they made a village on the east 

 bank of the stream, near its mouth, and not far from the site of the pres- 

 ent town of Ponca. 



By and by the Omahas removed to a place near Covington, Nebr., 

 nearly opposite the present Sioux City. The remains of this village are 

 now known as "ji^an'ga jiii'ga," and the lake near by is called "(pts- 

 ucpa n -ugcfe," because of the willow trees found along its banks. 



In the course of time the Iowas passed the Omahas again, and made 

 a new village near the place where Florence now stands. After that 

 they continued their course southward to their present reservation. 



The Otos did not accompany the Ponkas, Omahas, and Iowas, when 

 they crossed the Missouri, and left the Osages and others. The Otos 

 were first met on the Platte Biver, in comparatively modern times, ac- 

 cording to Mr. La Fleche. 



SUBSEQUENT MIGRATIONS OF THE OMAHAS. 



§ 4. After leaving xi-^anga-jinga, -where the lodges were made of wood, 

 they dwelt at Zande buja. 



2. Ta n/ wa n -4an'ga, The Large Village, is a place near the town of Omadi, 

 Nebr. The stream was crossed, and the village made, after a freshet. 



3. On the west side of Bell Creek, Nebraska. 



i. Thence south to Salt Creek, above the site of Lincoln. 



5. Then back to Ta n wa D -janga. While the people were there, A n ba- 

 hebe, the tribal historian was born. This was over eighty years ago. 



6. Thence they went to Ane-nat'ai £a n , a hill on the west bank of the 

 Elkhorn Biver, above West Point, and near Bismarck. 



7. After five years they camped on the east bank of Shell Creek. 



8. Then back to Ta n wa n -janga, on Omaha Creek. 



9. Then on the Elkhorn, near Wisner, for ten years. While there, 

 A n ba-hebe married. 



10. About the year 1832-'3, they returned to Ta n wa n oauga, on Omaha 

 Creek. 



11. In 1841 they went to Ta^wa^jiSgd £a n , The Little Village, at the 

 month of Logan Creek, and on the east side. 



2 A Ponka chief, Buffalo Chips, said that his trihe left the rest at White Earth 

 River and went as far as the Little Missouri River and the region of the Black Hills. 

 Finally, they returned to their kindred, who then began their journey down the 

 Missouri River. Other Ponkas have told about going to the Black Hills. 



