doebey.] CLASSES OF KINSHIP. 253 



of the Inke-sabe" geus, calls Standing; Grizzly bear of the Ponka Wajaje 

 bis grandchild; and Standing Buffalo, of the same gens, his son. So 

 Icta^abi's statement was incorrect. 



Icta^abi and Ckatce-yifie said that Inke-sabg calls the Oto Axuqwa, 

 or Buffalo gens, " Grandfather ; " and that the Oto Bvitce or Pigeon gens 

 is called " Grandchild " by Iiikesabg. 



Some said that the Omaha Wasabe-hit'aji called the Ponka Wasabe hi- 

 t'aji "Grandchild"; but < ja^i n -na n paji, of the Omaha Wasabe-hit'aji, said 

 that bis subgens called tbe Ponka Wasabe-hit'aji "Younger brother"; 

 and <£ixida and Wajaje " Grandfather." Hupe^a, another member of the 

 Omaha Wasabe-hit'aji, said that Ubiska. of the Ponka Wasabe hit'aji was 

 his son ; Ubiska's father, his elder brother (by marriage) ; and Ubiska's 

 grandfather his (Hupe^a's) lather. He also said that he addressed as 

 elder brothers all Ponka men older than himself, and all youuger than 

 himself he called his younger brothers. 



Fire Chief of the Omaha Wajinga-^ataji said that he called Kei[re5e, 

 of the Oto Tuna n 'p'i n gens, his son ; the Ponka Wasabe-hit'aji, his elder 

 brother; the Kansas Wasabe and Miqa, his fathers; the Kansas Eagle 

 people, his fathers; the Kansas Turtle people, his elder brothers; the Oto 

 Riitce (Pigeon people), his fathers; the Oto Makatce (Owl people), his 

 sisters' sons; and the Winnebago Ho D tc (Black bear people), his fathers. 



Omaha Ma D £i5ka-gaxe calls Yankton-Dakota Tcaxu, " Sister's sons," 

 but Tca5'kute\ Iha-isdaye, Watc6u n pa, and Ikmu n/ , are "Grandsons." 



ja-da calls Oto j^oexita (Eagle people) "Grandchildren"; and Ponka 

 Hisada " Grandfathers." 



Icta^abi said that Ictasanda called Ponka Maka n/ "Mother's brother"; 

 but Ibaha n bi, of the Ictasanda gens, denied it. Ibaha n bi said that he 

 called a member of a gens of another tribe, when related to him by the 

 nikie, " My father," if the latter were very old; "My elder brother," if 

 a little older lhan himself, and " My younger brother," if the latter were 

 Ibaha n bi's junior. Besides, Ibaha u bi takes, for example, the place of 

 Standing Bear of the Ponka Wajaje ; and whatever relationship Stand- 

 ing Bear sustains to the Hisada, (pixida, Nikadaona, etc., is also sustained 

 to the members of each gens by Ibaha n bi. 



6. Sacred Pipe kinship. Gahige, of the Omaha Ifike-sabe, said that 

 all who had sacred pipes called one another " Friend." Ponka Wacabe 

 and Omaha Iuke-sabe speak to each other thus. But Joseph La Fleche 

 and Two Crows deny this. 



CONSANGII.VEOIS KINSHIP 



§74. All of a man's consanguinities belong to fourteen groups, and a 

 woman has fifteen groups of consanguinities. Many affinities are ad- 

 dressed by consanguinity terms ; excepting these, there are only four 

 groups of affinities. In the accompanying charts consanguinities are 

 designated by capital letters and affinities by small letters. Roman let- 

 ters denote males and script letters females. Some necessary excep- 

 tions to these rules are shown in the Legends. 



