26 PUEBLO ARCHITECTURE. 
for a long time in the valley of the Colorado Chiquito, on the south side 
of that stream and not far from the poimt where the railway crosses it. 
They still distinguish the ruin of their early village there, which was 
built as usual on the brink of a canyon, and call it Etipsikya, after a 
shrub that grows there profusely. They crossed the river opposite that 
place, but built no permanent houses until they reached the vicinity 
of Chukubi, near which two smaller clusters of ruins, on knolls, mark 
the sites of dwellings which they claim to have been theirs. Three 
groups (nywnu) traveling together were the next to follow.them; these 
were the Bear, the Bear-skin-rope, and the Blue Jay. They are said to 
have been very numerous, and to have come from the vicinity of San 
Francisco Mountain. They did not move up to Chukubi, but built a large 
village on the summit, at the south end of the mesa, close to the site of 
the present Mashongnavi. Soon afterward came the Burrowing Owl, and 
the Coyote, from the vicinity of Navajo Mountains in the north, but they 
were not very numerous. They also built upon the Mashongnavi summit. 
After this the Squash people found that the water from their springs 
was decreasing, and began moving toward the end of the mesa, where 
the other people were. But as there was then no suitable place left on 
the summit, they built a village on the sandy terrace close below it, on 
the west side; and as the springs at Chukubi ultimately ceased entirely, 
the rest of the Squash people came to the terrace and were again united 
in one village. Straggling bands of several other groups, both wingwu 
and nyumu, are mentioned as coming from various directions. Some 
built on the terrace and some found house room in Mashongnavi. This 
name is derived as follows: On the south side of the terrace on which 
the Squash village was built is a high column of sandstone which is 
vertically split in two, and formerly there was a third pillar in line, 
which has long since fallen. These three columns were called Tutu- 
walha, the guardians, and both the Squash village and the one on the 
summit were so named, On the north side of the terrace, close to the 
present village, is another irregular massy pillar of sandstone called 
Mashoniniptu, meaning “the other which remains erect,” having ref- 
erence to the one on the south side, which had fallen. When the Squash 
withdrew to the summit the village was then called Mashoniniptuoyi, 
“at the place of the other which remains erect ;” now that term is never 
used, but always its syneopated form, Mashongnavi. 
The Squash village, on the south end of the Middle Mesa, was at- 
tacked by a fierce band that came from the north, some say the Ute, 
others say the Apache; but whoever the invaders were, they completely 
overpowered the people, and carried off great stores of food and other 
plunder. The village was then evacuated, the houses dismantled, and 
the material removed to the high summit, where they reconstructed 
their dwellings around the village which thenceforth bore its present 
name of Mashongnavi. Some of the Squash people moved over to 
Oraibi, and portions of the Katchina and Paroquet people came from 
