MINDELEEF. ] TRADITIONS—SHUMOPAVI. Ar 
there to Mashongnayi about the same time, and a few of these two 
groups occupied some vacant houses also in Shupauloyi; for this village 
even at that early date had greatly diminished in population, having 
sustained a disastrous loss of men in the canyon affrays east of Walpi. 
Shumopavi seems to have been built by portions of the same groups 
who went to the adjacent Mashongnavi, but the traditions of the two 
villages are conflicting. The old traditionists at Shumopavi hold that 
the first to come there were the Paroquet, the Bear, the Bear-skin-rope, 
and the Blue Jay. They came from the west—probably from San Fran- 
cisco Mountain. They claim that ruins on a mesa bluff about 10 miles 
south from the present village are the remains of a village built by these 
groups before reaching Shumopavyi, and the Paroquets arrived first, it 
is said, because they were perched on the heads of the Bears, and, when 
nearing the water, they flew in ahead of the others. These groups built 
a village on a broken terrace, on the east side of the cliff, and just below 
the present village. There is a spring close by called after the Shun- 
6hu, a tall red grass, which grew abundantly there, and from which the 
town took its name. This spring was formerly very large, but two years 
ago a landslide completely buried it; lately, however, a small outflow 
is again apparent. 
The ruins of the early village cover a hillocky area of about 800 by 
250 feet, but it is impossible to trace much of the ground plan with 
accuracy. The corner of an old house still stands, some 6 or 8 feet high, 
extending about 15 feet on one face and about 10 feet on the other. The 
wall is over 3 feet in thickness, but of very clumsy masonry, no care 
having been exercised in dressing the stones, which are of varying sizes 
and laid in mud plaster. Interest attaches to this fragment, as it is one 
of the few tangible evidences left of the Spanish priests who engaged in 
the fatal mission to the Hopituh in the sixteenth century. This bit of 
wall, which now forms part of a sheep-fold, is pointed out as the remains 
of one of the mission buildings. 
Other groups followed—the Mole, the Spider, and the ‘“‘ Wiksrun.” 
These latter took their name from a curious ornament worn by the men. 
A piece of the leg-bone of a bear, from which the marrow had been 
extracted and a stopper fixed in one end, was attached to the fillet bind- 
ing the hair, and hung down in front of the forehead. This gens and 
the Mole are now extinct. 
Shumopavi received no further accession of population, but lost to 
some extent by a portion of the Bear people moving across to Walpi. 
No important event seems to have occurred among them for a long period 
after the destruction of Sikydtki, in which they bore some part, and 
only cursory mention is made of the ingress of “‘enemies from the north ;” 
but their village, apparently, was not assailed. 
The Oraibi traditions tend to confirm those of Shumopavi, and tell 
that the first houses there were built by Bears, who came from the latter 
place. The following is from a curious legend of the early settlement: 
