MINDELEFF. | CHUKUBI AND PAYUPKI RUINS. 59 
conspicuous feature in the vicinity of Mashongnavi and Shupaulovi, 
and which supports the buttes upon which these villages are built. 
Little masonry now remains on this site, but here and there a frag- 
ment aids in defining the general plan of the pueblo. In general form 
the village was a large rectangle with a line of buildings across its 
center, dividing it into two unequal courts, and a projecting wing on 
the west side. As may be seen from the illustration, one end of the 
ruin forms a clearly defined rectangular court, composed of building's 
mostly two rooms deep. Here, as in other ruins of Tusayan, the ar- 
rangement about inclosed courts is in contrast with the parallelism of 
rows, so noticeable a feature in the oceupied villages. At the east end 
of the ruin are several curious excavations. The soft sandstone has 
been hollowed out to a depth of about 10 inches, in prolongation of the 
outlines of adjoining rooms. Such excavation to obtain level floors is 
quite unusual among the pueblo builders; it was practiced to a very 
small extent, and only where it could be done with little trouble. Any 
serious inequality of surface was usually incorporated in the construe- 
tion, as will be noticed at Walpi (PI. xxii). Vestiges of masonry in- 
dicating detached rooms were seen in each of the courts of the main 
rectangle. 
On the slope of the hill, just above the broad ledge previously de- 
seribed, there is a fine spring, but no trace of a trail connecting it with 
the pueblo could be found. 
This village was advantageously placed for defense, but not to the 
same degree as Payupki, illustrated in Pl. x11. 
PAYUPKI, 
The ruin called Payupki (Pl. xm) oceupies the summit of a bold 
promontory south of the trail, from Walpi to Oraibi, and about 6 miles 
northwest from Mashongnavi. The outer extremity of this promontory 
is separated from the mesa by a deep notch. The summit is reached 
from the mesa by way of the neck, as the outer pointitselfis very abrupt, 
much of the sandstone ledge being vertical. A bench, 12 or 15 feet 
below the summit and in places quite broad, encircles the promontory. 
This bench also breaks off very abruptly. 
As may be seen from the plan, the village is quite symmetrically laid 
out and well arranged for defense. It is placed at the mesa end of the 
promontory cap, and for greater security the second ledge has also been 
fortified. All along the outer margin of this ledge are the remains of 
a stone wall, in some places still standing to a height of 1 or 2 feet. 
This wall appears to have extended originally all along the ledge around 
three sides of the village. The steepness of the cliff on the remaining 
side rendered a wall superfluous. On the plain below this promontory, 
and immediately under the overhanging cliff, are two corrals, and also 
