MINDELEFF. } INHABITED VILLAGES—HANO. 61 
PLANS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE INHABITED VILLAGES. 
HANO. 
The village of Hano, or Tewa, is intrusive and does not properly be- 
long to the Tusayan stock, as appears from their own traditions. It 
is Somewhat loosely planned (PI. xv1) and extends nearly across the 
mesa tongue, which is here quite narrow, and in general there is no ap- 
preciable difference between the arrangement here followed and that 
of the other villages. One portion of the village, however, designated 
as House No. 5 on the plan, differs somewhat from the typical arrange- 
ment in long irregular rows, and approaches the pyramidal form found 
among the more eastern pueblos, notably at Taos and in portions of 
Zuni. As has been seen, tradition tells us that this site was taken up 
by the Tewa at a late date and subsequent to the Spanish conquest; 
but some houses, formerly belonging to the Asa people, formed a 
nucleus about which the Tewa village of Hano was constructed. The 
pyramidal house occupied. by the old governor, is said to have been 
built over such remains of earlier houses. 
The largest building in the village appears to have been added to 
from time to time as necessity for additional space arose, resulting in 
much the same arrangement as that characterizing most of the Tusayan 
houses, viz, a long, irregular row, not more than three stories high at 
any point. The small range marked No. 4 on the plan contains a sec- 
tion three stories high, as does the long row and also the pyramidal 
cluster above referred to. (Pl. XVII.) 
The kivas are two in number, one situated within the village and 
the other occupying a position in the margin of the mesa. These cere- 
monial chambers, so far as observed, appear to be much like those in 
the other villages, both in external and internal arrangement. 
Within the last few years the horse trail that afforded access to Hano 
and Sichumovi has been converted into a wagon road, and during the 
progress of this work, under the supervision of an American, consider- 
able blasting was done. Among other changes the marginal kiva, which 
was nearly in line with the proposed improvements, was removed. 
This was done despite the protest of the older men, and their predic- 
tions of dire calamity sure to follow such sacrilege. A new site was 
selected close by and the newly acquired knowledge of the use of pow- 
der was utilized in blasting out the excavation for this subterranean 
chamber. It is altogether probable that the sites of all former kivas 
were largely determined by accident, these rooms being built at points 
where natural fissures or open spaces in the broken mesa edge fur- 
nished a suitable depression or cavity. The builders were not capable 
of working the stone to any great extent, and their operations were 
probably limited to trimming out such natural excavations and in part 
lining them with masonry. 
There isa very noticeable scarcity of roof-holes, aside from those of 
the first terrace. As arule the first terrace has no external openings 
