ie PUEBLO ARCHITECTURE. 
This feature is found at some of the other villages, notably at Mashong- 
navi, in the central court, and at Hano, where it is located at some dis- 
tance outside of the village, near the main trail to the mesa. 
The plan of this small village shows three covered passageways sim- 
ilar to those noted in Walpi on the first mesa, though their presence 
here can not be ascribed to the same motives that impelled the Walpi 
to build in this way; for the densely crowded site occupied by the lat- 
ter compelled them to resort to this expedient. One of these is illus- 
trated in Pl. xxxut. Its presence may be due in this instance to a deter- 
mination to adhere to the protected court while seeking to secure con- 
venient means of access to the inclosed area. It is remarkable that 
this, the smallest of the group, should contain this feature. 
This village has but two kivas, one of which is on the rocky summit 
near the houses and the other on the lower ground near the foot of the 
trail that leads to the village. The upper kiva is nearly subterranean, 
the roof being but a little above the ground on the side toward the 
village, but as the rocky site slopes away a portion of side wall is ex- 
posed. This was roughly built, with no attempt to impart finish to its 
outer face, either by careful laying of the masonry or by plastering. 
Pl. xxxirt illustrates this kiva in connection with the southeastern por- 
tion of the village. The plan shows how the prolongation of the side 
rows of the village forms a suggestion of a second court. Its develop- 
ment into any such feature as the secondary or additional courts of 
Mashoéngnavi was prohibited by the restricted site. 
As in other villages of this group, the desire to adhere to the subter- 
ranean form of ceremonial Chamber outweighed the inducement to place 
it within the village, or, in the case of the second kiva, even of placing it 
on the same level as the houses, which are 30 feet above it with an 
abrupt trail between them. It is curious and instructive to see a room, 
the use of which is so intimately connected with the inner life of the 
village, placed in such a comparatively remote and inaccessible position 
through an intensely conservative adherence to ancient practice requir- 
ing this chamber to be depressed. 
The general view of the village given in Pl. xxx1 strikingly illus- 
trates the blending of the rectangular forms of the architecture with 
the angular and sharply defined fractures of the surrounding rock. 
This close correspondence in form between the architecture and its im- 
mediate surroundings is greatly heightened by the similarity in color. 
Mr. Stephen has called attention to a similar effect on the western side 
of Walpi and its adjacent mesa edge, which he thought indicates a dis- 
tinct effort at concealment on the part of the builders, by blending the 
architecture with the surroundings. This similarity of effect is often 
accidental, and due to the fact that the materials of the houses and of 
the mesas on which they are built are identical. Even in the case of 
Walpi, cited by Mr. Stephen, where the buildings come to the very 
mesa edge, and in their vertical lines appear to carry out the effect of 
