78 PUEBLO ARCHITECTURE. 
some of the Mormon pioneers at the neighboring town of Tuba City, 
named after an old Oraibi chief, recently deceased. 
The site would probably have attracted a much larger number of 
settlers, had it not been so remote from the main pueblos of the pro- 
vince, as in many respects it far surpasses any of the present village sites. 
A large area of fertile soil can be conveniently irrigated from copious 
springs in the side of a small branch of the Moen-kopi wash. The vil- 
lage occupies a low, rounded knoll at the junction of this branch with 
the main wash, which on the opposite or southern side is quite precipi- 
tous. The gradual encroachments of the Mormons for the last twenty 
years have had some effect in keeping the Tusayan from more fully 
utilizing the advantages of this site (Pl. X11). 
Moen-kopi is built in two irregular rows of one-story houses. There 
are also two detached single rooms in the village—one of them built for 
a kiva, though apparently not in use at the time of our survey, and the 
other a small room with its principal door facing an adjoining row. 
The arrangement is about the same that prevails in the other villages, 
the rows having distinct back walls of rude masonry. 
Rough stone work predominates also in the fronts of the houses, 
though it is occasionally brought to a fair degree of finish. Some adobe 
work is incorporated in the masonry, and at one point a new and still 
unrooted room was seen built of adobe bricks on a stone foundation 
about a foot high. There is but little adobe masonry, however, in 
Tusayan. Its use in this case is probably due to Mormon influence. 
Moen-kopi was the headquarters of a large business enterprise of the 
Mormons a number of years ago. They attempted to concentrate the 
product of the Navajo wool trade at this point and to establish here a 
completely appointed woolen mill. Water was brought from a series of 
reservoirs built in a small valley several miles away, and was conducted 
to a point on the Moen-kopi knoll, near the end of the south row of 
houses, where the ditch terminated in a solidly constructed box of 
masonry. From this in turn the water was delivered through a large 
pipe to a turbine wheel, which furnished the motive power for the works. 
The ditch and masonry are shown on the ground plan of the village (PL. 
XL). This mill was a large stone building, and no expense was spared 
in fitting it up with the most complete machinery. At the time of our 
visit the whole establishment had been abandoned for some years and 
was rapidly going to decay. The frames had been torn from the win- 
dows, and both the floor of the building and the ground in its vicinity 
were strewn with fragments of expensive machinery, broken cog-wheels, 
shafts, ete. This building is shown in PI. xLv, and may serve as an 
illustration of the contrast between Tusayan masonry and modern stone- 
mason’s work carried out with the same material. The comparison, 
however, is not entirely fair, as applied to the pueblo builders in gen- 
eral, as the Tusayan mason is unusually careless in his work. Many 
old examples are seen in which the finish of the walls compares very 
