86 PUEBLO ARCHITECTURE. 
purpose. The stones probably mark graves. Although thorough ex- 
cavation of the hard soil could not be undertaken, digging to the depth 
of 18 inches revealed the same character of pottery fragments, ashes, 
ete., found in many of the pueblo graves. Mr. E. W. Nelson found 
identical remains in graves in the Rio San Francisco region which he 
excavated in collecting pottery. Comparatively little is known, how- 
ever, of the burial practices of this region, so it would be difficult to 
decide whether this was an ordinary method of burial or not. 
This pueblo has been identified by My. Cushing, through Zuni tra- 
dition, as the scene of the death of Estevanico, the negro who accom- 
panied the first Spanish expedition to Cibola. 
MATSAKTI. 
Matsaki is situated on a foothill at the base of Taaaiyalana, near its 
northwestern extremity. This pueblo is in about the same state of 
preservation as Kiakima, no complete rooms being traceable over most 
of the area. Traces of walls, where seen, are not uniform in direction, 
suggesting irregular grouping of the village. At two points on the 
plan rooms partially bounded by standing walls are found. These ap- 
pear to owe their preservation to their occupation as outlooks over 
fields in the vicinity long after the destruction of the pueblo. One of 
the two rooms shows only a few feet of rather rude masonry. The 
walls of the other room, in one corner, stand the height of a full story 
above the surrounding débris, a low room under it having been par- 
tially filled up with fallen masonry and earth. The well preserved 
inner corner of the exposed room shows lumps of clay adhering here 
and there to the walls, the remnants of an interior corner chimney. 
No trace of the supports for a chimney hood, such as occur in the 
modern fireplaces, could be found. The form outlined against the wall 
by these slight remains indicates a rather rudely constructed feature 
which was added at a late date to the room and formed no part of its 
original construction. It was probably built while the room was used 
as a farming outlook. As shown on the ground plan (Pl. Lv), a small 
cluster of houses once stood at some little distance to the southwest of 
the main pueblo and was connected with the latter by a series of rooms. 
The intervening space may have been a court. At the northern edge 
of the village a primitive shrine has been erected in recent times and is 
stillin use. It is rudely constructed by simply piling up stones toa 
height of 24 or 3 feet, in a rudely rectangular arrangement, with an 
opening on the east. This shrine, facing east, contains an upright slab 
of thin sandstone on which a rude sun-symbol has been engraved. The 
governor of Zuni, in explaining the purpose of this shrine, compared 
its use to that of our own astronomical observatories, which he had 
seen. 
PINAWA. 
The ruins of the small pueblo of Pinawa occupy a slight rise on the 
south side of the Zuni River, a short distance west of Zuni. The road 
