122 PUEBLO ARCHITECTURE. 
in the main floor near the end of the kiva. This feature is the sipapuh, 
the place of the gods, and the most sacred portion of the ceremonial 
chamber. Around this spot the fetiches are set during a festival; it 
typifies also the first world of the Tusayan genesis and the opening 
through which the people first emerged. It is frequently so spoken of 
at the present time. 
Other little apertures or niches are constructed in the side walls; they 
usually open over the main floor of the kiva near the edge of the dais 
that forms the second level, that upon which the foot of the ladder rests. 
These are now dedicated to any special purpose, but are used as recep- 
tacles for small tools and other ordinary articles. In early days, how- 
ever, these niches were used exclusively as receptacles for the sacred 
pipes and tobacco and other smaller paraphernalia. 
In order to make clearer the relative positions of the various features 
of kiva construction that have been described several typical examples 
are here illustrated. The three ground plans given are drawn to scale 
and represent kivas of average dimensions. Myr. Stephen has made 
a series of typical kiva measurements, which is appended to this see- 
tion, and comparison of these with the plans will show the relation 
of the examples selected to the usual dimensions of these rooms. Fig. 
22 is the ground plan of the mungkiva, or chief kiva, of Shupaulovi. 
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Fia. 22. Ground plan of the chief kiva of Shupaulovi. 
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It will be observed that the second level of the kiva floor, forming the 
dias before referred to, is about 15 inches narrower on each side than 
the main floor. The narrowing of this portion of the kiva floor is not 
universal and does not seem to be regulated by any rule. Sometimes 
the narrowing is carried out on one side only, as in the mungkiva of 
Mashongnayi (Fig. 27), sometimes on both, as in the present example, 
