MINDELEF®. } KIVA BUILDING. lee 
and in other cases it is absent. In the second kiva of Shupaulovi, il- 
lustrated in Fig. 25, there is only one small jog that has been built mid- 
way along the wall of the upper level and it bears no relation to the 
point at which the change of floor level occurs. The ledge, or dias, is 
free for the use of spectators, the Indians say, just as the women stand 
on the house terraces to witness a dance, and do not step into the court. 
The ledge in this case is about a foot above the main floor. Benches of 
masonry are built along each side, though, as the plan shows, they are 
not of the same length. The bench on the eastern side is about 4 feet 
shorter than the other, which is eut off by a continuation of the high 
bench that contains the katchinkihu beyond the corner of the room. 
These side benches are for the use of participants in the ceremonies. 
When young men are initiated into the various societies during the 
feasts in the fall of the year they occupy the fioor of the sacred diyi- 
sion of the kiva, while the old members of the order oceupy the benches 
along the wall. The higher bench at the end of the room is used as a 
shelf for paraphernalia. The hole, or recess, in this bench, whose po- 
sition is indicated by the dotted lines on the plan, is the sacred orifice 
from which the katchina is said to come, and is called the katchinkihu. 
Fig. 23. Ceiling plan of the chief kiva of Shupaulovi. 
In the floor of the kiva, near the katchinkihu, is the sipapuh, the cot- 
tonwood plug set into a cottonwood slab over a cavity in the floor. The 
plan shows how this plank, about 18 inches wide and 64 feet long, has 
been incorporated into the paving of the main floor. The paving is 
composed of some quite large slabs of sandstone whose irregular edges 
have been skillfully fitted to form a smooth and well finished pavement. 
The position of the niches that form pipe receptacles is shown on the 
plan opposite the fireplace in each side wall. The position of the foot 
of the ladder is indicated, the side poles resting upon the paved sur- 
face of the second level about 15 inches from the edge of the step. Fig. 
23 gives a ceiling plan of the same kiva, illustrating the arrangement 
