MINDELEFF.] SHUPAULOVI KIVAS. 125 
posed stonework is much blackened as though the kiva had long been 
used with the wall in this uncovered condition. 
The fireplace is simply a shallow pit about 18 inches square that is 
placed directly under the opening of the combined hatchway and smoke 
hole. It is usually situated from 2 to 3 feet from the edge of the second 
level of the kiva floor. The paving stones are usually finished quite 
neatly and smoothly where their edges enframe the firepit. 
— 
Fic. 26. Ceiling plan of a Shupaulovi kiva. 
Figs. 25 and 26 illustrate the ground and ceiling plans of the second 
kiva of the same village. In all essential principles of arrangement it 
is identical with the preceding example, but minor modifications will 
be noticed in several of the features. The bench at the katchina, or 
“altar” end of the kiva, has not the height that was seen in the mung- 
kiva, but is on the same level as the benches of the sides. Here the 
