MINDELEFF. ] THE KIVA HATCHWAY. UD 
are held in place by pegs of greasewood driven into the wall at inter- 
vals of 1 or2 feet and are tied to the pegs with split yucca. These 
specimens are very interesting examples of aboriginal lathing and plas- 
tering applied to stone work. 
The ground plan of the mungkiva of Mashongnavi is illustrated in 
Fig. 27. In this example the narrowing of the room at the second level 
of the floor is on one side. The step by which the upper level is reached 
from the main floor is 8 inches high at the east end, rising to 10 inches 
at the west end. The south end of the kiva is provided with a small 
opening like a loop-hole, furnishing an outlook to the south. The east 
side of the main portion of the kiva is not provided with the usual 
bench. The portion of the bench at the katchina end of the kiva is on 
a level with the west bench and continuous for a couple of feet beyoud 
the northeast corner along the east wall. The small wall niches are on 
the west side and nearer the north end than usual. The arrangement 
of the katchinkihu is quite different from that described in the Shupau- 
lovi kivas. The orifice occurs in the north wall at a height of 34 feet 
above the floor, and 2 feet 3 inches above the top of the bench that ex- 
tends across this end of the room. The firepit is somewhat smaller 
than in the other examples illustrated. Fig. 28 illustrates the appear- 
Fic. 28. Interior view of a kiva hatchway in Tusayan. 
ance of the kiva hatchway from within as seen from the north end of 
the kiva, but the ladder has been omitted from the drawing to avoid 
confusion. The ladder rests against the edge of the coping that caps 
the dwarf wall on the near side of the hatchway, its top leaning toward 
the spectator. The small smoke-blackened sticks that are used for the 
suspension of bundles of greasewood and other fuel in the hatchway 
are clearly shown. At the far end of the trapdoor, on the outside, is 
indicated the mat of reeds or rushes that is used for closing the open- 
ings when necessary. It is here shown rolled up at the foot of the 
slope of the hatchway top, its customary position when not in use. 
