MINDELEFF. ] LADDERS. 157 
other hand, ladders are of rare occurrence above the first terrace, their 
place being supplied by flights of stone steps. The relative scarcity of 
stone at Zuni, suitable for building material, and its great abundance - 
at Tusayan, undoubtedly account for this difference of usage, especially 
as the proximity of the timber supply of the Zuni mountains to the 
former facilitates the substitution of wood for steps of masonry. 
VG. 46. ‘lusayan notched ladders from Mashongnavi. 
The earliest form of ladder among the pueblos was probably a notched 
log, a form still occasionally used. Figures 45 and 46 illustrate exam- 
ples of this type of ladder from Tusayan. 
