176 PUEBLO ARCHITECTURE. 
ampleis from Shumopavi. The illustration shows an interesting feature 
in the use of a primitive andiron or boss to support the cooking pot in 
Fig. 70. Piki stone and primitive andiron in Shumopavi. 
position above the fire. This boss is modeled from the same clay as 
the fireplace floor and is attached to it and forms a part of it. Mr. 
Stephen has collected free specimens of these primitive props which 
had never been attached to the floor, These were of the rudely coni- 
val form illustrated in the figure, and were made of a coarsely mixed 
clay thoroughly baked to a stony hardness. 
Chimneys and fireplaces are often found in Tusayan in the small, re- 
cessed, balcony-like rooms of the second terrace. When a deep cooking- 
pit is required in such a position, it is obtained by building up the sides, 
as in the indoor fireplaces of upper rooms. Such a fireplace is illustrated 
in Fig. 71. A roofed recess which usually occurs at one end of the first 
terrace, called “tupubi,” takes its name from the flat piki oven, the 
variety of fireplace generally built in these aleoves. The transfer of the 
fireplace from the second-story room to the corner of such a roofed-ter- 
race alcove was easily accomplished, and probably led to the occasional 
use of the cooking-pit, with protecting chimney hood on the open and 
ro 
unsheltered roof. Fig. 72 illustrates a deep cooking-pit on an upper 
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