1192 PUEBLO ARCHITECTURE. 
this left the hands free to aid in the difficult task of climbing. These 
conditions seem to have brought about the use, in some cases, of hand- 
holds in the marginal frames of interior trapdoors as an aid in climb- 
ing the ladder. 
Fig. 85. A large Tusayan doorway with one notched jamb. 
One more characteristic type of the ancient pueblo doorway remains 
to be described. During the autumn of 1883, when the ruined pueblo 
of Kin-tiel was surveyed, a number of excavations were made in and 
about the pueblo. A small room on the east side, near the brink of 
the arroyo that traverses the ruin from east to west, was completely 
cleared out, exposing its fireplace, the stone paving of its floor, and 
other details of construction. Built into an inner partition of this room 
was found a large slab of stone, pierced with a circular hole of sufficient 
size fora man to squeeze through. This slab was set on edge and 
incorporated into the masonry of the partition, and evidently served as 
a means of communication with another room. The position of this 
doorway and its relation to the room in which it occurs may be seen 
from the illustration in Pl. ¢, which shows the stone in situ. The 
doorway or “stone-close” is shown in Fig. 86 on a sufficient scale to 
indicate the degree of technical skill in the architectural treatment of 
stone possessed by the builders of this old pueblo. The writer visited 
Zuni in October of the same season, and on describing this find to Mr. 
Frank H. Cushing, learned that the Zuni Indians still preserved tradi- 
tional knowledge of this device. Mr. Cushing kindly furnished at the 
