196 PUEBLO ARCHITECTURE. 
In marked contrast to the above examples is the slovenly practice of 
the modern pueblos. There are rarely two openings of the same size, 
even in a single room, nor are these usually placed at a uniform height 
from the floor. The placing appears to be purely a matter of individual 
taste, and no trace of system or uniformity is to be found. Windows 
occur sometimes at considerable height, near or even at the ceiling in 
some cases, while others are placed almost at the base of the wall; ex- 
amples may be found occupying all intermediate heights between these 
extremes. Many of the illustrations show this characteristic irregu- 
larity, but Pls. Lxxrx and Lxxxit of Zuni perhaps represent it most 
clearly. 
The framing of these openings differs but little from that of the an- 
cient examples. The modern opening is distinguished principally by 
the more careless method of combining the materials, and by the intro- 
duction in many instances of a rude sash. A number of small poles or 
sticks, usually of cedar, with the bark peeled off, are laid side by side in 
contact, across the opening, to form a support for the stones and earth 
of the superposed masonry. Frequently a particularly large tablet of 
stone is placed immediately upon the sticks, but this stone is never long 
enough or thick enough to answer the purpose of a lintel for larger 
openings. The number of small sticks used is sufficient to reach from 
the face to the back of the wall, and in the simplest openings the sur- 
rounding masonry forms jambs and sill. American or Spanish in- 
fluence oceasionally shows itself in the employment of sawed boards for 
lintels, sills, and jambs. The wooden features of the windows exhibit 
a curiously light and flimsy construction. 
A large percentage of the windows, in both Tusayan and Cibola, are 
furnished with glass at the present time. Occasionally a primitive sash 
of several lights is found, but frequently the glass is used singly; in 
some instances it is set directly into the adobe without any intervening 
sash or frame. In several cases in Zuni the primitive sash or frame 
has been rudely decorated with incised lines and notches. An example 
of this is shown in Fig. 88. The frame or sash is usually built solidly 
ee into the wall. Hinged sashes 
do not seem to have been 
adopted as yet. Often the 
introduction of lights shows 
a curious and awkward com- 
promise between aboriginal 
methods and foreign ideas. 
Characteristic of Zuni win- 
dows, and also of those of the 
neighboring pueblo of Acoma, 
Fa. 88. Incised decoration on a rude window sash in Zuni. is the use of semitranslucent 
slabs of selenite, about 1 inch in thickness and of irregular form. 
Pieces are occasionally met with about 18 inches long and 8 or 10 inches 
