MINDELEFF  ] KISI CONSTRUCTION. AAIU'T 
tobaeeo—corn, melons, squashes, ete., being cultivated elsewhere in 
larger tracts. There is a large group of gardens on the bank of the 
stream at the southeastern corner of Zuni, and here there are slight in- 
dications of terracing. A second group on the steeper slope at the 
southwestern corner is distinctly terraced. Small walled gardens of the 
same type as these Zuni examples occur in the vicinity of some of the 
Tusayan villages on the middle mesa. They are located near the springs 
or water pockets, apparently to facilitate watering by hand. Some of 
them contain a few small peach trees in addition to the vegetable crops 
ordinarily met with. The clusters here are, as a rule, smaller than 
those of Zuni, as there is much less space available in the vicinity of the 
springs. At one point on the west side of the first mesa, a few miles 
above Walpi, a copious spring serves to irrigate quite an extensive series 
of small garden patches distributed over lower slopes. 
At several points around Zuni, usually at a greater distance than the 
terrace gardens, are fields of much larger area inclosed in a similar 
manner. Their inclosure was simply to secure them against the depre- 
dations of stray burros, So numerous about the village. When the 
crops are gathered in the autumn, several breaches are made in the low 
wall and the burros are allowed to luxuriate on the remains. Pl. Lix 
indicates the position of the large cluster of garden patches on the 
southeastern side of Zuni. Fig. 110, taken from photographs made in 
1873, shows several of these small gardens with their growing crops and 
a large field of corn beyond. The workmanship of the garden walls 
as contrasted with that of the house masonry has been already de- 
scribed and is illustated in Pl. xc. 
“KISI”? CONSTRUCTION. 
Lightly constructed shelters for the use of those in charge of fields 
were probably a constant accompaniment of pueblo horticulture. Such 
shelters were built of stone or of brush, according to which material 
was most available. 
In very precipitous localities, as the Canyon de Chelly, these outlooks 
naturally became the so-called cliff-dwellings or isolated shelters. In 
Cibola single stone houses are in common use, not to the exclusion, how- 
ever, of the lighter structures of brush, while in Tusayan these lighter 
forms, of which there are a number of well defined varieties, are almost 
exclusively used. <A detailed study of the methods of construction em- 
ployed in these rude shelters would be of great interest as affording a 
comparison both with the building methods of the ruder neighboring 
tribes and with those adopted in constructing some of the details of 
the terraced house; the writer, however, did not have an opportunity 
of making an examination of all the field shelters used in these pueblos. 
Two of the simpler types are the “tuwahlki,” or watch house, and the 
“kishoni,” or uncovered s] de. The former is constructed by first 
