16 



INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY — PUBLICATION NO. 1 



one over each side wall. Upon these are placed 

 the "jjlanchas," and construction of the roof pro- 

 ceeds as in the "troje." In other cases, four 

 squared Ijeanis are used. Two run from front to 

 back, wlule two shorter beams run from the middle 

 of each side wall to the nearest long beam (fig. 10). 

 The "planchas" again rest on these. As Lu the 

 "troje," the roofs have four sheds. A ventilator 

 may be built in one shed (fig. 7, a, b). i 



c ""OSS beams 



-v/a 



lb 



pla+es 







Figure 10. — Plan of ceiling in an elaborate kitchen (tioja kosina). 



The floor of these "round" kitchens is usuidly of 

 earth owing to the character of the fireplace. In 

 Paracho, however, a raised fireplace, called a 

 "chimenea" (fig. 12), jiermits a wooden floor. 

 Two additional foundation beams are placed as in 

 figure 11. A wooden floor is then laid, leavuig a 

 space one meter square open for construction of 

 the fireplace. 



This type of kitchen varies from 4 to 7 varus in 

 its longest dimension. As in the house, the top- 

 most wall planks and the "planchas" are a I'ara 

 longer than th(> other waU planks. 



Although tiie kitchens, particularly the simpler 

 type, are relatively inexpensive, they still may 

 ■cost more than a man may be able to pay. lu this 

 case, he may construct one without the services 

 of a carpenter. As a result, one sees all sorts of 

 approximations of the types described. Perhaps 

 most common is a structure in which the roof is 

 supported by four posts set in the ground and the 

 walls filled in with any convenient material — 

 planks, lumber fragments, old shakes, and so on. 

 A lean-to against a wall may also be used (fig. 7,h). 



In Angahuan, and to a lesser extent in Paricutin 

 and San Juan Parangarieutiro, storehouses (called 

 umutakata in Ajigahuan) are built on four posts 

 some two meters (6 ft.) in height. Often these 



-n^^ floor jjlahks 



--•'■fouriclalioM bedims 

 -f-Space \p</ifhou+ f|oo»- 

 for fireplace 



Figure 11. — Plan of floor of an elaborate kitchen (seen 

 only in Paracho). 



structures are at the entrance to the lot, but may 

 also be inside (pi. 6, middle (right) and lower 

 (left)). Two beams connect pairs of posts and a 

 floor of planks is laid across these. Upon the planks 

 rest four "planchas," supportmg a roof similar to 

 that of the" troje." The entrance is either through 

 the floor or one of the gable ends. The floor 

 plan is always rectangidar. 



Figure 12. — A "chimenea," or raised fireplace (seen only in 

 Paracho). 



In Angahuan, the lower part of these structures 

 is often walled and the structure then serves the 

 function of a "troje." Often the waUs are made 

 simply of shakes or old boards, but sometimes 

 the posts rest on foimdation beams and the wall 

 planks are well fitted (pi. 6, lower, center). In this 

 case, the floor plan is square and, except for this, 

 the structure is a "troje." Such square structures 

 have a wide distribution and are called "trojes" in 

 some towns, such as Paracho, but in Paricutin 



