MOCHE: A PERUVIAN COASTAL COMMUNITY— GILLIN 



31 



wooden-hulled sailing boats used for deep-sea fishing 

 are also made and repaired on crude scaffoldings 

 erected on the beach. 



The people of Huanchaco are Indians and cholos. 

 Although one gains the impression that the propor- 

 tion of white blood is slightly greater than in the 

 population of Moche, the Huanchaqueros are on the 

 whole definitely more Indian in physical features 

 than the general population of Trujillo. However, 

 consciousness of an ethnic bond uniting Moche and 

 Huanchaco, if it ever existed, seems to have dimmed 

 with the years in both communities. Family re- 

 lationships uniting the two communities seem to be 

 very few, or, at least, very poorly remembered. A 

 few Mocheros have friends in Huanchaco, and the 

 converse is also true, but the number of friendship 

 bonds between Moche and Huanchaco at present 

 seems to be less than those involving Moche and 

 Paijan, Ascope, and other villages. Most of the 

 Huanchaquero contacts with Mocheros are with the 

 inhabitants of the Moche playa, because at certain 

 times of the year the Huanchaco boats come down 

 the coast and pick up Mochero fishermen for several 

 days of joint activity. Following is a list of the 

 principal family names in Huanchaco. These are 

 all family names of "true Huanchaqueros," as dis- 

 tinguished from jorasteros. 



Aguilar 



Aguirre 



Arroyo 



Asencio 



Azola 



Beltran 



Berna 



Carranza 



Chilmaza 



Cumplida 



Diaz 



Huamanchumo 



Leyton (from "Lcighton"?) 



Ordio 



Pimichumo 



Sanchez 



Segura 



Ucanan 



Urcia 



Vanegas 



Villacorta 



Villaneuva 



It is to be noted that only two of these — Huaman- 

 chumo and Sanchez — are to be found in our list of 

 Moche patronyms on page 103. Of the Huanchaco 

 list, only the following appear to be possibly aborigi- 

 nal : Chilmaza, Huamanchumo, Pimichumo, and 

 Ucanan. It is doubtful that any of these four is 

 Mochica or Cliimu in derivation. 



Inland, back of the church, are cultivated lands 

 belonging to the community. But they have water 

 only during the tiempo de abimdancia (January- 

 March) and, therefore, produce only one crop per 

 year. These lands are rented to individuals by the 

 municipalidad (local government), and most families 

 have one of these plots on which they raise small 



crops of maize, rice, beans, etc., for family use. 

 However, these agricultural activities are insufficient 

 to maintain the people and are distinctly secondary 

 to fi.shing. 



Four general methods of obtaining sea products 

 are practiced by the Huanchaqueros: (1) Fishing 

 from sailboats or motorboats of wood ; (2) fishing 

 from caballilos del mar (literally "little horses of the 

 sea") ; (3) gathering of shellfish and sea plants by 

 wading; (4) fishing with hooks and lines from the 

 shore. 



FISHING I-ROM BO.\TS 



The boats are made of planks, with wooden keel, 

 ribs, and gunwales, in the European fashion. They 

 have square sterns, are open (without decking except 

 for a short weather cowling alt of the bow), and 

 contain wooden crosswise benches. They are from 

 18 to 21 feet in over-all length, from 4>4 to 5Vz feet 

 in beam at the gunwale, and draw about 4 feet of 

 water when loaded. Each sailboat has a single mast 

 stepped into the keel about one-third of the distance 

 aft of the bow. The mast is steadied by four guy- 

 ropes attached two to each gunwale, while a fifth guy- 

 rope runs from the masthead to the bow. The sails 

 are triangular, but of the latan type. The longest 

 side of the triangular sail is attached to a single boom, 

 one end of which is attached to the bow of the boat, 

 while the boom as a whole is suspended from the 

 top of the mast by a pulley rope attached to the boom 

 about one-fourth of the distance from its upper end, 

 as illustrated in plate 8, upper {left) . It is possible to 

 tack against the wind with this type of sail, but when 

 the tack is changed the sail must be lowered and then 

 raised again for best results. 



These sailboats are made in Huanchaco and also 

 in Salaverry. In 1944 there were two specialist boat- 

 wrights in Huanchaco. A boat costs between 5,000 

 and 6,000 soles ($765 to $918), and this price does 

 not include the sail, fishing nets, and other equip- 

 ment. Although this is a large investment accord- 

 ing to local standards, a boat, if properly handled, 

 will serve, with luck, for as long as 30 years. After 

 building, the boat is launched by a minga, in which 

 a group of 20 to 25 friends join to provide their 

 strength in return for festive food and drink provided 

 by the owner and his wife. 



There are 20 sailboats in the Huanchaco fleet. 

 In addition, there are 6 lanchas (motorboats), 

 powered with Diesel engines (pi. 9, lozver (right)). 



The lanchas are decked fore and aft and have a 



