78 



INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY— PUBLICATION' NO. 3 



Basic yearly expenditures of family living on a chacra 

 (man, zvife, 3 children in school) 



Soles 



Clothing ^0 



Alcoholic drinks -0 



Religious contributions J 



School expenses 15 



Total 140 



Monthly budget of another family living on a chacra (man, 

 Z'.'ifc, 3 children, 1 in school) 



Soles 



Estimated monthly income SO 



Estimated monthly expense for food (consume 

 ^i kilo of rice per day, 30 centavos of salt 

 meat ; some cheese ; 10 centavos of manteca ; 

 yucas and camotes ; buy 20 centavos of chicha 



per day) 55 



Estimated monthly expense for clothing and 

 school 25 



This family has % fanegada of ground. They grow > iicas 

 and vegetables for their own use and for sale. They have 

 chickens and 2 donkeys, no cows. 



Monthly budget of a to'd'n-du'elling family (man, zvije, and 

 5 children) 



Income: SrUs 



Wife sells wood and charcoal, earning about 15.00 



Wife sells chicha and earns about 20.00 



Man is foreman in Salaverry and earns 150.00 



Total monthly income 185.00 



Exf-enditurc: 



House rent 5.20 



Pay to water carrier 1.60 



Wood and charcoal 15.00 



Meat 22.50 



Rice 19.80 



Milk 4.50 



Bread 9.00 



Lard 9.00 



Salt 70 



Miscellaneous food and drink 40.00 



Tuition for 2 children in colegio 3.CI0 



Clothes and shoes for the children (estimated 



84 soles annually) 7.00 



Clothes and shoes for the wife (60 soles 



annually) 5.00 



Clothes and shoes for the father (96 soles 



annually) 8 00 



Total monthly expenditure 150.30 



This family enjoys a relatively high expenditure for 

 Mocheros. Another family of five, without land, the father 

 working as a stevedore in Salaverry. get along on 70 soles 

 per month, or a little less than 2.50 soles per day. They pay 

 3 soles per month for their house. 



I asked my friend, Don Victor Razuri, to write 

 out his estimate of family incomes. Sei~ior Razuri 

 is a jorastcro who has Hved in Moche for the past 

 25 years and is one of the few outsiders who enjoy 

 the complete confidence, goodwill, and respect of the 

 Jilocheros. He has shown himself their friend on 

 many' occasions and has never shown any tendency 

 to acquire their land. He is in intimate contact with 

 many families and may be expected to know some- 

 thing of their affairs. His estimates, however, I 

 believe, are somewhat optimistic, if taken to refer 

 to the statistically average family. On the basis of 

 such information as I have, it would seem that he 

 describes the more properous families. He also 

 figures as cash the work of the man in the work- 

 sharing arrangement. His report, in translation, 

 follows. 



My small knowledge related to the utilization of labor 

 in this place does not qualify me to have my data taken 

 With complete certainty, but rather they may serve as 

 orientation to direct attention to the ancient development 

 which still persists among the inhabitants, making them a 

 people in their mode of life distinct from many other valleys. 



It is known by all that this valley is subdivided into small 

 properties among the agricultural population, so that each 

 farmer is usually owner of his parcel of ground, which he 

 has inherited from his ancestors. Thus it is that somewhat 

 more than tw'o-thirds of the men may be considered peones 

 [servants] of their own interests. Naturally they preserve 

 their primitive method of working their lands, that is, with 

 the intelligent use of work-sharing {prestamos de brazos). 

 For example, Don Fulano decides to plant his small plot. 

 Then he invites the presence of two or three more workers 

 (bracos), and, accompanied by food and drink, according to 

 his economic situation, the planting is accomplished. Of 

 course, when he is invited to return the labor to the others, 

 he is obligated to do so. Thus, one after another, the neces- 

 sary tasks are performed. But, of course, not all men ha\e 

 the same amount of land ; so it is, that among themselves it 

 is customary to give their labor in return for daily wages 

 in cases where this is necessary. Here in Moche the agricul- 

 tural work is not hard and most men are content to earn a 

 modest living. Added to this is the fact that the major part 

 of this rich campina has been converted into cattle raising, 

 so that each individual has at least two milking cows, which 

 should produce as a minimum 10 liters per day, not taking 

 into account the value of the calves, etc., or let us say, 3 soles 

 daily. Now let us evaluate the work of the Seiiora (or 

 w'oman of the house). She frequently dedicates herself to 

 the business of the chicha and the causa, which can be con- 

 sidered a matter of 15 days per month, with a minimum 

 intake of 2 soles per day. And when she is not doing this 

 she buys certain products, like yuca, camote, alberja, lenteja, 

 etc., at a low price and resells them at the market in Trujillo, 

 obtaining more or less the same average profit (2 soles) per 

 day. The labor of the children is absorbed in the production 

 of milk and crops, but occasionally they may obtain a few 



