42 F Wyman on the E'ngé-ena. 
long and straight spinous processes of the neck, these and many 
other subordinate characters, are chant of the anthropoid 
animals, and constitute a wide ween these and the most 
de graded 0 of the human races, so wile see the greatest difference 
between these last and the noblest specimen of a Caucasian is 
inconsiderable in comparison 
Whilst it is thus easy to demonstrate the wide separation be- 
tween the anthropoid and the human races, to assign a true posi- 
tion to the former among themselves is a more difficult task. Mr. 
Owen in his earlier memoir, regarded the 7. niger as making the 
hearest approach to man, but the more recently discovered T. 
rete: he is now induced to believe approaches still nearer, and 
regards it as “the most anthropoid of the known brutes.”* This 
inference is derived from the study of crania alone, without any 
reference to the rest of the skeleton. 
After a careful examination of the memoir just referred to, I 
am forced to the conclusion, that the preponderance of evidence 
is unequivocally opposed to the opinion there recorded ; and after 
placing side by side the different anatomical peculiarities of the 
two species, there seems to be no alternative but to regard the 
Chimpanzée as holding the highest place in the brute creation. 
The more anthropoid characters of the 7. gorilla which are re- 
referred to by Prof. O., are the following. 
1. “ The coalesced central margins of the nasals are projected 
forwards, thus offering a feature of approximation to the hu- 
man structure, which is very faintly indicated, if at all in 7. 
niger.”+ ‘This sa a is applicable to all the crania which I 
have seen, and especially to the two crania described in this pa- 
per. Nevertheless iis extension of the nasals between the fron- 
tals, or the existence of an additional osseous element, is a mark 
of greater deviation from man. 
“The inferior or alveolar part of the premaxillaries, on the 
other hand, is shorter and less prominent in 7". gori//a than in 
T. niger, and in that respect the larger species deviates less from 
man.”{ The statement in the first portion of this sentence is 
certainly correct, but a question may be fairly raised on that in 
the second. ‘The lower portion of the nasal opening in the En- 
gé-ena is so much depressed, especially in the median line, that 
the intermaxillary bone becomes almost horizontal, and the slop- 
ing of the alveolar portion takes place so gradually that it is difficult 
to determine where the latter commences and thesnasal opening 
terminates, ane in this respect it devigies much farther from man 
t . nig 
4 Pea it next character which is ale a more anthropoid one, 
pose explicable in relation to the greater weight of the skull 
* Op. eit., vol. iii, p. 414. 
