358 Voleanic Eruptions on Hawaii. 
that formed a continuous stream to the sea, which it reached on 
the third of June, destroying the small village of Nanawale. This 
at a point twenty-seven miles distant from Kilauea, twenty-two 
miles from the first outbreak, and twelve from the shores. The 
interval between the first appearance of the lavas and this flood 
presents a few patches of ejections, and some steam fissures. 
The extent of these patches was not accurately ascertained. 
Dr. Pickering mentions one small one, just before the last out- 
break ; and another, much larger, (7) covering probably three or 
four square miles, was observed im a short distance above. 
A still larger patch, (2) according to a native report, exists about 
half way from the ‘“ Big Crater” (C) and the last outbreak ; while 
still another, on the same authority, was seen just north of the 
“Big Crater.” It is very remarkable, as stated by Dr. Pickering, 
that the line of fracture and lava patches should have cut through 
a high hill just north of the “ Deep Crater” (B), and thus avoided 
this large pit where it might have been supposed there would 
have been the least resistance to fracture. The natives state that 
the lavas rose to a height of three hundred feet in the pit-crater 
Arare, the first point of outbreak, and then sunk again when the 
next outbreak took place; and the appearance of scoria within 
the crater satisfied Dr. Pickering that the lavas had risen at the 
time to the height mentioned. 
~ The scene of the flowing lavas, as affirmed by those who ob- 
served it, beggars description. As we learn from an eye-witness, 
the lavas rolled on, sometimes sluggishly, and sometimes violent- 
ly, receiving at times fresh force from new accessions to the fiery 
stream, and then almost ceasing its motion. It swept away for- 
ests In its course, at times parting and enclosing islets of earth 
and shrubbery, and at other times undermining and bearing along 
masses of rock and vegetation on its surface. Finally it plunged 
into the sea with loud detonations. The burning lava, on meet- 
ing the waters, as Mr. Coan states, was shivered, like melted glass, 
into millions of particles, which were thrown up in clouds that 
darkened the sky, and fell like a storm of hail over the surround- 
ing country. ‘ Vast columns of steam and vapors rolled off be- 
fore the wind, whirling in ceaseless agitation, and the reflected 
glare of the lavas formed a fiery firmanent overhead. For three 
weeks this terrific river disgorged itself into the sea with little 
abatement. Night was converted into day on all eastern Hawai. 
The light rose and spread like the morning upon the mountains, 
and its glare was seen on the opposite side of the island. It was dis- 
tinctly visible for more than one hundred miles at sea; and at 
he distance of forty miles fine print could be read at. - 
