Volcanic Eruptions on Haaaii. 359 
At three spots on the coast, probably over three opened fissures 
whence lavas issued, the sands continued to be thrown up, until 
as many rounded or nearly conical elevations were formed, the 
largest of which was found to be 250 feet in height, and t 
smallest about 150 feet. They consist of a finely laminated tufa, 
like tufa craters. The coast is said to have been extended nearly 
a quarter of a mile beyond its former limits. 
TUFA HILLS, NANAWALE. 
e stream, as it appeared ijn November, consisted in its differ- 
ent portions of all the kinds of lava tracts elsewhere observed. In 
Some portions, especially the upper, there were fields of the 
smoother variety, (the pahoihoi,) with the usual ropings and 
twistings of the surface; and there were some miniature cones, 
a few yards in height, out of which the lavas spouted for a while 
after the rest had become quiet. Large tracts were covered. with 
sand; and walking over them, the feet often broke through into 
steaming chambers, suggesting eaution to the traveller. _ Other 
rtious consisted of clinkers, a fact which might have been 
inferred fro om the description given of the varying rate of the 
moving lavas. In some portions they were in huge angular 
blocks; in others in slabs laid with ‘much regularity against one 
another. There were numerous caverns and fissures still sending 
up clonds of steam ; and in many, the rocks were yet glowing 
Within a few feet of the surface. A piece of paper was instantly 
ignited. Small snlphur-banks, with deposits of alum and other 
anita, were met with in several places. 
mathe islets of forest trees in the midst of the. stream of lava 
re from one to fifty acres in extent, and the trees still stood 
net were sometimes living. Captain Wilkes describes a copse 
‘of bamboo which the lava had divided and surrounded; yet 
many of the stems were alive, and a part of the my remained 
uninjured.* Near the lower part of the flood, the fores we anaes 
destroyed for a breadth of half a mile either side, pe 
With the volcanic sand; but in the upper part, Dr. fotki found 
the line of dead trees only twenty feet wide. The pea some- 
as the tree was grad- 
times flowed around nls of treesp 
ally. consumed, it left a deep cylindri ical hole, sometimes two 
iti in diameter, inher empty or filled with charcoal.t ‘Towards 
*N, Expd., iv, 
+ Similar arratire Avena a hae iar stated were observed ee Bory de ce Oca at 
the Isle of A Bot aoaes Voyage aux Isles ¢ Afrique, 3 vols., 4to, Paris, 1 
