356 J. Lawrence Smith on Emery. 
been subsequently given to this emery in a commercial point of 
view. Since the first discovery other localities have been ascer- 
tained by me, all of which will be alluded to in this memoir. 
Localities'of Emery in Asia Minor and the neighboring islands. 
Gumuch-dagh.—In going from Ephesus east to Gouzel-Hissar 
(the ancient 7'ralles) we pass by the ruins of the ancient city o 
agnes on the Miandre and near to this latter is a beautiful valley, 
celebrated for its figs, in which is situated the village of Gumuch 
at the foot of a mountain bearing the same name, It was here 
that the emery formation was first examined. ~All the rocks of 
the surrounding country appear to belong to ‘the old series; the 
limestone is entirely devoid of fossils and’metamorphic in its 
~ character; it rests on the older schists of which mica schist ap- 
pears the most abundant, and this again farther to the north was 
traced in contact: with gneiss. The Jimestone is of alight blue - 
passing into a coarse grained marble; and on the south side, the 
_ roek by its decay leaves in many places precipices of considera- 
ble elevation, that add much to the picturesque appearance of the 
region. . cade 
The emery is found in different places in the Gumuch moun- 
_ tain; the place, however, to which it is traced in greatest abun- | 
dance, is on a part of the summit about three miles from the 
village of Gumuch, and some fifteen hundred or two thousand 
feet above the level of the valley; it overlooks the magnificent 
plain of the Miandre, whose curiously tortuous course is seen as 
if traced on a map. The emery lies scattered on the surface in 
the greatest profusion, in angular fragments of a dark color, and 
large masses of several tons weight are seen projecting above the 
surface ; in penetrating the soil, the emery is found imbedded in 
it and a little farther down it'is come ‘to inthe rock. In fact by 
breaking the marble that projects above the’ surface‘at this spot 
we are sure to find nodules of the mineral. - ; 
~ Sometimes the emery forms:almdst a solid mass several yards 
in length and breadth. One’ of thesé places, opened’for the pur- 
of exploring, is about ten’ of twelve yards square and all the. 
_ rock taken out is emery ; the spaces between the blocks are filled 
with an earth highly charged with oxyd of iron. In some places 
the masses are consolidated by éarbonate of lime of infiltration, 
which must not be confounded with the emery in its original 
gangue (the marble) in which it is found in nodules sometimes 
round and at other times fissured so as to represent angular frag- 
ments. In no place does it present anything like a vein, nor has 
it signs of stratification. The largest mass at this locality that 
J saw unbroken must weigh from thirty to forty tons. 
Attached to this mineral, more especially in the fissures and on 
the surface, are several minerals that will be alluded to hereafter. 
