THE STUDY OF THE EYOLUTIOIS' OP THE ELOWEE. 2il 



of the species of Viburnum, according to the characier of the fruit, in 1861. E. A. NeweU 

 Arber * interpreted several cases of synanthy in Lonicera, in 1903. Tiie embryology 

 of the family has been neglected since the records that appear in the memoirs of 

 Hofmeisterf (1858, 1859), Vesque \ (1878, 1879), and GuigaardJ (1882). 



The composition of the family Cornacese, unlike that in the above-mentioned families, 

 does vary considerably in different systems. With the object, therefore, of making the 

 exposition more intelligible, a table (see p. 242) has been drawn up, to collate the 

 classification of the Cornaceie adopted by Harms in ' Die PHanzenfamilien ' with those 



of other systematists. 



It will* be noted that the genera aggregated by Ilarms in the Cornacese were 

 distributed among several families in the systems of Endlichcr, De Cand^lle, and 

 Lindley ; thus the Cornaceae comprise only five genera in De Candolle's || 'Prodromus' 

 iCornus. Aucuha. Griselinia, Mastixia, and Ciirtisia) ; while other genera known to 



at the time v 

 nd Araliacese 



O^^D 



ated in the families GarryaccDC, Alangiacca), 11 cl 



Benjamin Clarke ^ described some observations upon the flowers of Marlea in a 

 paper contributed to Hooker's 'Journal of Botany' so long ago as 1850, and came to 

 the conclusion that the Alangiese {Alangium and Marlea) are closely related to Corniis. 

 Clarke's paper seems to have been overlooked. 



Bentham and Hooker** include the Cornese, Alangiese, Garryacese, and Nyssaceai of 

 earlier systematists in the Cornaceae. They define the Cornaceae in terms of the ovule. 

 Thus the genera are characterized by possessing ovules of the ventral type (with dorsal 

 raphe), in contradistinction to the Araliacese where the ovules are of the dorsal type 

 (with ventral raphe). But this criterion has proved to be unsound for two reasons : 

 first, because the structure of the ovule in certain genera (Ilelwingia, Nyssa) wis at 

 the time imperfectly known, and, secondly, in that the so 

 necessarily homologous and do not strictly conform to a single type. 



Baillonlt contributed important additions to our knowledge of the morphology of 

 the family. He was the first to point out the peculiar morphology of the supposed 

 calyx in Garrya, o^-ndi worked out the development J J of the flower in both Garrya 

 elliptica and the hybrid, Garrya Thuretii. But his interpretations of floral structure and 

 affinities in the Cornaceai were profoundly influenced by the results accruing from his 

 researches §§ relating to the organogeny of the flower in the Amentiferae. lie found 



E. A. Newell Arber in Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xxxv. (1903) 403-474. 

 t W. Hofmeister in Pringsh. Jahrb. i. (1858) 120-121; and in Abhan.ll. Koni-l.-Siichs. Goicll. Wiss. (1859), 



called dorsal ovules are not 



533-6 



+ 

 + 



§ 



J. Yeaque in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 6- se'r. vi. (1878) 237-285, viil. (1379) 261-390 



II A. de Candolle, Prodromus, iv. (1830) 271. 



f 



Bentham et Hooker, ' Genera Plantarum,' vol. i. part iii. (1867) 947. 

 ft H. Baillon in Adansonia, v. (1864) 179-203 ; x. (1871-1873) 112-117. 

 n H. Baillon in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paiis (1877), 139. 



§ 



2o 2 



